TY - JOUR
T1 - 108-316- and 220-290-GHz Ultrabroadband Distributed Frequency Doublers
AU - Lee, Iljin
AU - Kim, Younghwan
AU - Jeon, Sanggeun
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received August 26, 2019; revised October 23, 2019; accepted October 26, 2019. Date of publication December 4, 2019; date of current version March 4, 2020. This work was supported by a grant to Terahertz Electronic Device Research Laboratory funded by Defense Acquisition Program Administration and by Agency for Defense Development (ADD) under Contract number UD180025RD. This article is an expanded version from the IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS 2019), Boston, MA, USA, June 2-7, 2019. (Corresponding author: Sanggeun Jeon.) The authors are with the School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea (e-mail: sgjeon@korea.ac.kr).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 IEEE.
PY - 2020/3/1
Y1 - 2020/3/1
N2 - An analysis and design of distributed frequency doublers is presented at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies, including the D -, G -, and H -bands. The phase condition required for coherent output summation in the distributed multipliers is analyzed to maximize the output power and bandwidth. Based on the analysis, two mm-wave distributed frequency doublers are designed and experimentally demonstrated. The first doubler combines three unit cells in a distributed manner, while the insertion phase is equalized between the input and output artificial transmission lines (T-lines). A differential quasi-cascode structure is proposed for each unit cell, which enables the bandwidth extension and chip-size reduction. The differential doubler exhibits a measured peak output power and a conversion gain of 3.5 dBm and -2.5 dB, respectively, at the output frequency of 165 GHz. At 276 GHz, the output power and conversion gain are 1.6 dBm and -6.2 dB, respectively. The doubler maintains high output power above -5 dBm from 108 to 316 GHz, which covers almost the entire D -, G -, and H -bands. The second doubler combines five single-ended cascode unit cells to improve the output power and conversion gain. A bandpass filter is employed at the output T-line for spurious signal suppression. The single-ended doubler shows a measured peak output and conversion gain of 5.5 dBm and 0.3 dB, respectively, at 240 GHz. The bandwidth for -5-dBm output is from 220 to 290 GHz. Both doublers occupy a small chip area of 0.23 and 0.27 mm2, respectively, including all probing pads.
AB - An analysis and design of distributed frequency doublers is presented at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies, including the D -, G -, and H -bands. The phase condition required for coherent output summation in the distributed multipliers is analyzed to maximize the output power and bandwidth. Based on the analysis, two mm-wave distributed frequency doublers are designed and experimentally demonstrated. The first doubler combines three unit cells in a distributed manner, while the insertion phase is equalized between the input and output artificial transmission lines (T-lines). A differential quasi-cascode structure is proposed for each unit cell, which enables the bandwidth extension and chip-size reduction. The differential doubler exhibits a measured peak output power and a conversion gain of 3.5 dBm and -2.5 dB, respectively, at the output frequency of 165 GHz. At 276 GHz, the output power and conversion gain are 1.6 dBm and -6.2 dB, respectively. The doubler maintains high output power above -5 dBm from 108 to 316 GHz, which covers almost the entire D -, G -, and H -bands. The second doubler combines five single-ended cascode unit cells to improve the output power and conversion gain. A bandpass filter is employed at the output T-line for spurious signal suppression. The single-ended doubler shows a measured peak output and conversion gain of 5.5 dBm and 0.3 dB, respectively, at 240 GHz. The bandwidth for -5-dBm output is from 220 to 290 GHz. Both doublers occupy a small chip area of 0.23 and 0.27 mm2, respectively, including all probing pads.
KW - Bandpass filter
KW - broadband source
KW - differential quasi-cascode pair
KW - distributed structure
KW - frequency doublers
KW - millimeter-wave (mm-wave)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85081545478&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TMTT.2019.2951105
DO - 10.1109/TMTT.2019.2951105
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85081545478
SN - 0018-9480
VL - 68
SP - 1000
EP - 1011
JO - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
JF - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
IS - 3
M1 - 8922893
ER -