Abstract
An analysis and design of distributed frequency doublers is presented at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies, including the D -, G -, and H -bands. The phase condition required for coherent output summation in the distributed multipliers is analyzed to maximize the output power and bandwidth. Based on the analysis, two mm-wave distributed frequency doublers are designed and experimentally demonstrated. The first doubler combines three unit cells in a distributed manner, while the insertion phase is equalized between the input and output artificial transmission lines (T-lines). A differential quasi-cascode structure is proposed for each unit cell, which enables the bandwidth extension and chip-size reduction. The differential doubler exhibits a measured peak output power and a conversion gain of 3.5 dBm and -2.5 dB, respectively, at the output frequency of 165 GHz. At 276 GHz, the output power and conversion gain are 1.6 dBm and -6.2 dB, respectively. The doubler maintains high output power above -5 dBm from 108 to 316 GHz, which covers almost the entire D -, G -, and H -bands. The second doubler combines five single-ended cascode unit cells to improve the output power and conversion gain. A bandpass filter is employed at the output T-line for spurious signal suppression. The single-ended doubler shows a measured peak output and conversion gain of 5.5 dBm and 0.3 dB, respectively, at 240 GHz. The bandwidth for -5-dBm output is from 220 to 290 GHz. Both doublers occupy a small chip area of 0.23 and 0.27 mm2, respectively, including all probing pads.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 8922893 |
Pages (from-to) | 1000-1011 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques |
Volume | 68 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2020 Mar 1 |
Keywords
- Bandpass filter
- broadband source
- differential quasi-cascode pair
- distributed structure
- frequency doublers
- millimeter-wave (mm-wave)
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Radiation
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering