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• 2021

  Effects of land-use characteristics on transport mode choices by purpose of travel in Seoul, South Korea, based on spatial regression analysis

  Min, B., Lee, G. & Kim, S., 2021 Feb 2, In: Sustainability (Switzerland). 13, 4, p. 1-22 22 p., 1767.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Land use
  • Regression analysis
  • land use
  • travel
  • South Korea

• Enhancing the provisioning of ecosystem services in South Korea under climate change: The benefits and pitfalls of current forest management strategies

  Kim, M., Kraxner, F., Forsell, N., Song, C. & Lee, W. K., 2021 Mar, In: Regional Environmental Change. 21, 1, 6.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • forest management
  • ecosystem service
  • climate change
  • carbon sequestration
  • adaptive management

• Environmental drivers affecting the bacterial community of intertidal sediments in the Yellow Sea

  Lee, H., Heo, Y. M., Kwon, S. L., Yoo, Y., Kim, D., Lee, J., Kwon, B. O., Khim, J. S. & Kim, J. J., 2021 Feb 10, In: Science of the Total Environment. 755, 142726.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Sediments
  • rhizosphere
  • vegetation type
  • Aquatic ecosystems
  • sea

• Forest management can mitigate negative impacts of climate and land-use change on plant biodiversity: Insights from the Republic of Korea

  Choi, Y., Lim, C. H., Chung, H. I., Kim, Y., Cho, H. J., Hwang, J., Kraxner, F., Biging, G. S., Lee, W. K., Chon, J. & Jeon, S. W., 2021 Jun 15, In: Journal of Environmental Management. 288, 112400.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Biodiversity
  • Forestry
  • Forests
  • Republic of Korea
  • Land use

• Groundwater contamination assessment in Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia with combined use of hydrochemical, environmental isotopic, and statistical approaches

  Batsaikhan, B., Yun, S. T., Kim, K. H., Yu, S., Lee, K. J., Lee, Y. J. & Namjil, J., 2021 Apr 15, In: Science of the Total Environment. 765, 142790.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Nitrates
  • Groundwater
  • Contamination
  • nitrate
  • contamination

• Inferring the potential impact of human activities on evapotranspiration in the Tumen River Basin based on LANDSAT imagery and historical statistics

  Yu, H., Lee, W. K., Li, L., Jin, R., Zhu, W., Xu, Z. & Cui, G., 2021 Jan 30, In: Land Degradation and Development. 32, 2, p. 926-935 10 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Evapotranspiration
  • River basins
  • anthropogenic activities
  • evapotranspiration
  • Rivers

• Key coastal landscape patterns for reducing flood vulnerability

  Kim, M., Song, K. & Chon, J., 2021 Mar 10, In: Science of the Total Environment. 759, 143454.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • vulnerability
  • Fractals
  • Water
  • index
  • Wetlands

• Spatiotemporal multi-index analysis of desertification in dry Afromontane forests of northern Ethiopia

  Gebru, B. M., Lee, W. K., Khamzina, A., Wang, S. W., Cha, S., Song, C. & Lamchin, M., 2021 Jan, In: Environment, Development and Sustainability. 23, 1, p. 423-450 28 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • desertification
  • dry forest
  • Ethiopia
  • Land degradation
  • Vegetation
  2 Citations (Scopus)
• 2020

  Characteristics of particulate plastics in terrestrial ecosystems

  Palansooriya, K. N., Wijesekara, H., Bradney, L., Kumarathilaka, P., Bundschuh, J., Bolan, N. & Ok, Y. S., 2020, Sustainable Waste Management Workshop: Microplastics in the Environment 2020. AIChE, p. 6 1 p. (Sustainable Waste Management Workshop: Microplastics in the Environment 2020).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

• Development of decision-making tools for drought monitoring and early warning in Kyrgyzstan

  Park, S., Kim, S. J., Park, E., Yu, H., Cha, S., Jo, H. W., Lim, C. H., Lee, H. & Lee, W. K., 2020.

  Research output: Contribution to conference › Paper › peer-review

  • Drought
  • Decision making
  • Crops
  • Monitoring
  • Hazards

• Do different land use changes in a deciduous forest ecosystem result in alterations in soil organic C and total N stocks?

  Chia, R. W., Son, Y., Cho, W., Lee, Y. G., Tsetsegmaa, G. & Kang, H., 2020 Dec, In: Plant and Soil. 457, 1-2, p. 153-165 13 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • land use change
  • soil organic carbon
  • forest ecosystems
  • deciduous forests
  • deciduous forest

• Ecological effects of daylighting and plant reintroduction to the Cheonggye Stream in Seoul, Korea

  Lee, C. S., Lee, H., Kim, A. R., Pi, J. H., Bae, Y. J., Choi, J. K., Lee, W. S. & Moon, J. S., 2020 Jun 1, In: Ecological Engineering. 152, 105879.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Daylighting
  • reintroduction
  • Restoration
  • Biodiversity
  • Rivers
  1 Citation (Scopus)

• Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals in pigs

  Yang, C., Song, G. & Lim, W., 2020 Aug, In: Environmental Pollution. 263, 114505.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

  • Endocrine Disruptors
  • Swine
  • Hormones
  • Animals
  • Mycotoxins
  5 Citations (Scopus)

• Effects of silver-graphene oxide on seed germination and early growth of crop species

  Kim, M. J., Kim, W. & Chung, H., 2020, In: PeerJ. 2020, 1, e8387.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • disilver oxide
  • silver oxide
  • graphene oxide
  • Raphanus
  • Graphene oxide

• Environmental management of two of the world's most endangered marine and terrestrial predators: Vaquita and cheetah

  Lam, S. S., Chew, K. W., Show, P. L., Ma, N. L., Ok, Y. S., Peng, W., Alstrup, A. K. O., Adams, D. H., Rinklebe, J. & Sonne, C., 2020 Nov, In: Environmental Research. 190, 109966.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Acinonyx
  • Environmental management
  • subpopulation
  • environmental management
  • Conservation

• Estimating changes in habitat quality through land-use predictions: Case study of roe deer (capreolus pygargus tianschanicus) in jeju island

  Lee, D. J. & Jeon, S. W., 2020 Dec 1, In: Sustainability (Switzerland). 12, 23, p. 1-18 18 p., 10123.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Land use
  • habitat quality
  • habitat
  • deer
  • land use

• Field Survey and Numerical Modelling of the December 22, 2018 Anak Krakatau Tsunami

  Borrero, J. C., Solihuddin, T., Fritz, H. M., Lynett, P. J., Prasetya, G. S., Skanavis, V., Husrin, S., Kushendratno, Kongko, W., Istiyanto, D. C., Daulat, A., Purbani, D., Salim, H. L., Hidayat, R., Asvaliantina, V., Usman, M., Kodijat, A., Son, S. & Synolakis, C. E., 2020 Jun 1, In: Pure and Applied Geophysics. 177, 6, p. 2457-2475 19 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Tsunamis
  • straits
  • tsunami
  • field survey
  • shorelines
  9 Citations (Scopus)

• Identifying potential vegetation establishment areas on the dried Aral Sea floor using satellite images

  Kim, J., Song, C., Lee, S., Jo, H. W., Park, E., Yu, H., Cha, S., An, J., Son, Y., Khamzina, A. & Lee, W. K., 2020 Dec, In: Land Degradation and Development. 31, 18, p. 2749-2762 14 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • normalized difference vegetation index
  • satellite image
  • seafloor
  • Satellites
  • vegetation
  2 Citations (Scopus)

• Input of terrestrial organic matter linked to deglaciation increased mercury transport to the Svalbard fjords

  Kim, H., Kwon, S. Y., Lee, K., Lim, D., Han, S., Kim, T. W., Joo, Y. J., Lim, J., Kang, M. H. & Nam, S. I., 2020 Dec 1, In: Scientific reports. 10, 1, 3446.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Svalbard
  • Estuaries
  • Mercury
  • Ice Cover
  • Rivers
  3 Citations (Scopus)

• Interactions between topsoil properties and ecophysiological responses of mangroves (Avicennia marina) along the tidal gradient in an arid region in Qatar

  Chang, H., Han, S. H., Kim, S., An, J., Alatalo, J. M. & Son, Y., 2020, In: Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 44, 2, p. 121-126 6 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Avicennia
  • Qatar
  • Avicennia marina
  • marina
  • topsoil
  1 Citation (Scopus)

• Land use and land cover change detection and prediction in the kathmandu district of nepal using remote sensing and GIS

  Wang, S. W., Gebru, B. M., Lamchin, M., Kayastha, R. B. & Lee, W. K., 2020 May 1, In: Sustainability (Switzerland). 12, 9, 3925.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Land use
  • Geographical Information System
  • Nepal
  • Remote sensing
  • Geographic information systems
  8 Citations (Scopus)

• Land use dynamics and landscape change pattern on the patch dry afromontane forest hydrology of northern Ethiopia

  Manjur, B., Cha, S. & Lee, W. K., 2020.

  Research output: Contribution to conference › Paper › peer-review

  • Hydrology
  • Land use
  • Runoff
  • Soil conservation
  • Soils

• Occurrence of land-plant-specific glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases is essential for cuticle formation and gametophore development in Physcomitrella patens

  Lee, S. B., Yang, S. U., Pandey, G., Kim, M. S., Hyoung, S., Choi, D., Shin, J. S. & Suh, M. C., 2020 Mar 1, In: New Phytologist. 225, 6, p. 2468-2483 16 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • cutin
  • Bryopsida
  • Embryophyta
  • gametophores
  • glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase
  9 Citations (Scopus)

• Predicting the impact of climate change on freshwater fish distribution by incorporating water flow rate and quality variables

  Kim, Z., Shim, T., Koo, Y. M., Seo, D., Kim, Y. O., Hwang, S. J. & Jung, J., 2020 Dec 1, In: Sustainability (Switzerland). 12, 23, p. 1-15 15 p., 10001.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Water flows
  • Climate change
  • Fish
  • climate change
  • water flow

• Quantifying impact of deforestation using multi-satellite and multi-spatial model in the North Korea

  Lim, C. H., Choi, H. A., Vuolo, F., Jo, H. W., Lee, S., Lee, S. G. & Lee, W. K., 2020.

  Research output: Contribution to conference › Paper › peer-review

  • Deforestation
  • Satellites
  • Water
  • Water supply
  • Runoff

• Species- And elevation-dependent productivity changes in East Asian temperate forests

  Kim, M., Ham, B. Y., Kraxner, F., Shvidenko, A., Schepaschenko, D., Krasovskii, A., Park, T. & Lee, W. K., 2020, In: Environmental Research Letters. 15, 3, 034012.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Forests
  • temperate forest
  • Productivity
  • productivity
  • Quercus

• Terrestrial carbon stocks following 15 years of integrated watershed management intervention in semi-arid Ethiopia

  Gessesse, T. A., Khamzina, A., Gebresamuel, G. & Amelung, W., 2020 Jul, In: Catena. 190, 104543.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • watershed management
  • carbon stock
  • organic carbon
  • rangeland
  • belowground biomass
  4 Citations (Scopus)

• Understanding global spatio-temporal trends and the relationship between vegetation greenness and climate factors by land cover during 1982–2014

  Lamchin, M., Wang, S. W., Lim, C. H., Ochir, A., Pavel, U., Gebru, B. M., Choi, Y., Jeon, S. W. & Lee, W. K., 2020 Dec, In: Global Ecology and Conservation. 24, e01299.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • land cover
  • climate
  • vegetation
  • trend
  • advanced very high resolution radiometer
  1 Citation (Scopus)

• Urban ecosystem services: A review of the knowledge components and evolution in the 2010s

  Kang, W., Chon, J. & Kim, G., 2020 Dec 1, In: Sustainability (Switzerland). 12, 23, p. 1-12 12 p., 9839.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • urban ecosystem
  • Ecosystems
  • ecosystem service
  • trend
  • Sustainable development
• 2019

  A holistic view of soils in delivering ecosystem services in forests: A case study in South Korea

  Vicente-Vicente, J. L., Fuss, S., Song, C., Lee, J., Kim, M., Lee, W. K. & Son, Y., 2019 Jun 1, In: Forests. 10, 6, 487.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • soil ecosystems
  • soil organic carbon
  • South Korea
  • ecosystem services
  • ecosystem service
  3 Citations (Scopus)

• A spatial approach to climate-resilient infrastructure in coastal social-ecological systems: The case of dumbeong in Goseong County, South Korea

  Kim, G. W., Kang, W., Lee, D., Vaswani, R. T. & Chon, J., 2019 Oct, In: Environment International. 131, 105032.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Droughts
  • Republic of Korea
  • Climate
  • Ecosystem
  • drought
  1 Citation (Scopus)

• Assessing environmentally sensitive land to desertification using MEDALUS method in Mongolia

  Lee, E. J., Piao, D., Song, C., Kim, J., Lim, C. H., Kim, E., Moon, J., Kafatos, M., Lamchin, M., Jeon, S. W. & Lee, W. K., 2019 Oct 2, In: Forest Science and Technology. 15, 4, p. 210-220 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • desertification
  • Mongolia
  • land
  • land cover
  • sensitive area
  8 Citations (Scopus)

• Assessment of nitrogen application limits in agro-livestock farming areas using quantile regression between nitrogen loadings and groundwater nitrate levels

  Kim, H. R., Yu, S., Oh, J., Kim, K. H., Oh, Y. Y., Kim, H. K., Park, S. & Yun, S. T., 2019 Dec 1, In: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 286, 106660.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • livestock farming
  • farm area
  • groundwater
  • nitrates
  • nitrate
  8 Citations (Scopus)

• Association between urban greenness and depressive symptoms: Evaluation of greenness using various indicators

  Song, H., Lane, K. J., Kim, H., Kim, H., Byun, G., Le, M., Choi, Y., Park, C. R. & Lee, J. T., 2019 Jan 2, In: International journal of environmental research and public health. 16, 2, 173.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Symptom Assessment
  • Depression
  • Forests
  • City Planning
  • Logistic Models
  16 Citations (Scopus)

• Changes in soil N₂O and CH₄ emissions and related microbial functional groups in an artificial CO₂ gassing experiment

  He, W., Kim, Y., Ko, D., Yun, S., Jun, S. & Yoo, G., 2019 Nov 10, In: Science of the Total Environment. 690, p. 40-49 10 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Functional groups
  • functional group
  • Soils
  • Methanogens
  • leakage
  2 Citations (Scopus)

• Comprehensive DNA barcodes for species identification and discovery of cryptic diversity in mayfly larvae from South Korea: Implications for freshwater ecosystem biomonitoring

  Suh, K. I., Hwang, J. M., Bae, Y. J. & Kang, J. H., 2019 Jan 1, (Accepted/In press) In: Entomological Research.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • freshwater ecosystems
  • Ephemeroptera
  • South Korea
  • barcoding
  • environmental monitoring
  6 Citations (Scopus)

• Decoupling of forest water supply and agricultural water demand attributable to deforestation in North Korea

  Lim, C. H., Song, C., Choi, Y., Jeon, S. W. & Lee, W. K., 2019 Oct 15, In: Journal of Environmental Management. 248, 109256.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Democratic People's Republic of Korea
  • Deforestation
  • Conservation of Natural Resources
  • Water Supply
  • Forests
  5 Citations (Scopus)

• Drought monitoring of the wetland in the Tumen River Basin between 1991 and 2016 using Landsat TM/ETM+

  Yu, H., Li, L., Zhu, W., Piao, D., Cui, G., Kim, M., Jeon, S. W. & Lee, W. K., 2019 Feb 16, In: International Journal of Remote Sensing. 40, 4, p. 1445-1459 15 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Landsat thematic mapper
  • drought
  • river basin
  • wetland
  • monitoring
  1 Citation (Scopus)

• Hydrological response of dry afromontane forest to changes in land use and land cover in northern Ethiopia

  Gebru, B. M., Lee, W. K., Khamzina, A., Lee, S. G. & Negash, E., 2019, In: Remote Sensing. 11, 16, 1905.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • hydrological response
  • dry forest
  • land cover
  • runoff
  • land use
  5 Citations (Scopus)

• Impact of spatial change on tourism by bridge connections between Islands: A case study of Ganghwa County in South Korea

  Jeong, D., Choi, Y. E., Jin, L. & Chon, J., 2019 Nov 1, In: Sustainability (Switzerland). 11, 22, 6516.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • South Korea
  • tourism
  • Tourism
  • traffic volume
  • ecotourism

• Mapping and statistical analysis of NO₂ concentration for local government air quality regulation

  Ryu, J., Park, C. & Jeon, S. W., 2019, In: Sustainability (Switzerland). 11, 14, 3809.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Air quality
  • local government
  • statistical analysis
  • air quality
  • Statistical methods
  3 Citations (Scopus)

• Particulate plastics as a vector for toxic trace-element uptake by aquatic and terrestrial organisms and human health risk

  Bradney, L., Wijesekara, H., Palansooriya, K. N., Obadamudalige, N., Bolan, N. S., Ok, Y. S., Rinklebe, J., Kim, K. H. & Kirkham, M. B., 2019 Oct 1, In: Environment International. 131, 104937.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Aquatic Organisms
  • Trace Elements
  • aquatic organism
  • Plastics
  • health risk
  58 Citations (Scopus)

• Risk map for the range expansion of Thrips palmi in Korea under climate change: Combining species distribution models with land-use change

  Hong, J., Lee, G. S., Park, J. J., Mo, H. H. & Cho, K., 2019 Sep, In: Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology. 22, 3, p. 666-674 9 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Thrips palmi
  • land use change
  • Korean Peninsula
  • biogeography
  • climate change
  2 Citations (Scopus)

• Socio-ecological niche and factors affecting agroforestry practice adoption in different agroecologies of southern Tigray, Ethiopia

  Gebru, B. M., Wang, S. W., Kim, S. J. & Lee, W. K., 2019 Jul 1, In: Sustainability (Switzerland). 11, 13, 3729.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • agroecology
  • agroforestry
  • Fruits
  • ecological niche
  • ecological factor
  6 Citations (Scopus)

• Soil organic carbon dynamics: Impact of land use changes and management practices: A review

  Ramesh, T., Bolan, N. S., Kirkham, M. B., Wijesekara, H., Kanchikerimath, M., Srinivasa Rao, C., Sandeep, S., Rinklebe, J., Ok, Y. S., Choudhury, B. U., Wang, H., Tang, C., Wang, X., Song, Z. & Freeman, O. W., 2019, Advances in Agronomy. Sparks, D. L. (ed.). Academic Press Inc., p. 1-107 107 p. (Advances in Agronomy; vol. 156).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

  • land use planning
  • land use change
  • soil organic carbon
  • management practice
  • climate change
  37 Citations (Scopus)

• Spatio-temporal supply–demand of surface water for agroforestry planning in saline landscape of the lower Amudarya Basin

  Kumar, N., Khamzina, A., Tischbein, B., Knöfel, P., Conrad, C. & Lamers, J. P. A., 2019 Mar, In: Journal of Arid Environments. 162, p. 53-61 9 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • agroforestry
  • surface water
  • planning
  • basins
  • cropland
  5 Citations (Scopus)

• Sustainable management of carbon sequestration service in areas with high development pressure: Considering land use changes and carbon costs

  Chun, J., Kim, C. K., Kang, W., Park, H., Kim, G. & Lee, W. K., 2019 Sep 1, In: Sustainability (Switzerland). 11, 18, 5116.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Land use
  • carbon stock
  • sustainable management
  • land use
  • carbon sequestration
  2 Citations (Scopus)

• The combined use of self-organizing map technique and fuzzy c-means clustering to evaluate urban groundwater quality in Seoul metropolitan city, South Korea

  Lee, K. J., Yun, S. T., Yu, S., Kim, K. H., Lee, J. H. & Lee, S. H., 2019 Feb, In: Journal of Hydrology. 569, p. 685-697 13 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • groundwater
  • city
  • hydrogeochemistry
  • contamination
  • water-rock interaction
  11 Citations (Scopus)
• 2018

  8 million phenological and sky images from 29 ecosystems from the Arctic to the tropics: the Phenological Eyes Network

  Nagai, S., Akitsu, T., Saitoh, T. M., Busey, R. C., Fukuzawa, K., Honda, Y., Ichie, T., Ide, R., Ikawa, H., Iwasaki, A., Iwao, K., Kajiwara, K., Kang, S., Kim, Y., Khoon, K. L., Kononov, A. V., Kosugi, Y., Maeda, T., Mamiya, W., Matsuoka, M. & 36 others, Maximov, T. C., Menzel, A., Miura, T., Mizunuma, T., Morozumi, T., Motohka, T., Muraoka, H., Nagano, H., Nakai, T., Nakaji, T., Oguma, H., Ohta, T., Ono, K., Pungga, R. A. S., Petrov, R. E., Sakai, R., Schunk, C., Sekikawa, S., Shakhmatov, R., Son, Y., Sugimoto, A., Suzuki, R., Takagi, K., Takanashi, S., Tei, S., Tsuchida, S., Yamamoto, H., Yamasaki, E., Yamashita, M., Yoon, T. K., Yoshida, T., Yoshimura, M., Yoshitake, S., Wilkinson, M., Wingate, L. & Nasahara, K. N., 2018 Nov 1, In: Ecological Research. 33, 6, p. 1091-1092 2 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Comment/debate › peer-review

  • Arctic region
  • cameras
  • tropics
  • remote sensing
  • eyes
  20 Citations (Scopus)

• Analysis of habitat characteristics of mosquitoes in Danwon-gu, Ansan city, Korea, based on civil complaint data

  Kim, J. E., Bae, Y. J., Lee, H. G. & Kim, D. G., 2018 Nov 1, In: Entomological Research. 48, 6, p. 540-549 10 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Korean Peninsula
  • Culicidae
  • habitats
  • community health
  • oviposition sites