A 3.5 GHz spread-spectrum clock generator with a memoryless newton-raphson modulation profile

Sewook Hwang, Minyoung Song, Young Ho Kwak, Inhwa Jung, Chulwoo Kim

Research output: Contribution to journalArticle

15 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

A frequency-locked loop (FLL) based spread-spectrum clock generator (SSCG) with a memoryless Newton-Raphson modulation profile is introduced in this paper. The SSCG uses an FLL as a main clock generator. It brings not only an area reduction to the SSCG but also the advantage of having multiple frequency deviations. A double binary-weighted DAC is proposed that modulates the frequency information of the frequency detector using a 1-1-1 MASH $\Delta \Sigma$ modulator. The Newton-Raphson mathematical algorithm is applied to the proposed profile generator in order to generate the optimized nonlinear profile without needing any memory, resulting in a reduction in the area and the power consumption. It also makes it possible to have multiple modulation frequencies. The SSCG can support 14 frequency deviations of $\pm 0.5\%$ to 3.5% in steps of 0.5% and three modulation frequencies of $f \rm m,$2 f \rm m and $3 f \rm m. It achieved an EMI reduction of 19.14 dB with a 0.5% down spreading and a 31 kHz modulation frequency, while employing a core area of 0.076${\hbox{mm}} 2 in a 0.13-$\mu{\hbox{m}}$ CMOS process and consuming 23.72 mW at 3.5 GHz.

Original language English 6155616 1199-1208 10 IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 47 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2012.2183970 Published - 2012 May 1

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Clocks
Modulation
Frequency modulation
Modulators
Electric power utilization
Detectors
Data storage equipment

Keywords

• Double binary-weighted DAC
• EMI reduction
• frequency modulation
• frequency-locked loop (FLL)
• frequency-to-voltage converter (FVC)
• Newton-Raphson modulation profile
• nonlinear profile
• spread-spectrum clock generator (SSCG)

ASJC Scopus subject areas

• Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Cite this

A 3.5 GHz spread-spectrum clock generator with a memoryless newton-raphson modulation profile. / Hwang, Sewook; Song, Minyoung; Kwak, Young Ho; Jung, Inhwa; Kim, Chulwoo.

In: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 47, No. 5, 6155616, 01.05.2012, p. 1199-1208.

Research output: Contribution to journalArticle

Hwang, Sewook ; Song, Minyoung ; Kwak, Young Ho ; Jung, Inhwa ; Kim, Chulwoo. / A 3.5 GHz spread-spectrum clock generator with a memoryless newton-raphson modulation profile. In: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits. 2012 ; Vol. 47, No. 5. pp. 1199-1208.
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