A 4×4 array module of position-sensitive virtual Frisch-grid CdZnTe detectors for gamma-ray imaging spectrometers

A. E. Bolotnikov; G. S. Camarda; G. De Geronimo; J. Fried; D. Hodges; A. Hossain; K. Kim; G. Mahler; L. Ocampo Giraldo; E. Vernon; G. Yang; R. B. James

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.090

A 4×4 array module of position-sensitive virtual Frisch-grid CdZnTe detectors for gamma-ray imaging spectrometers

A. E. Bolotnikov, G. S. Camarda, G. De Geronimo, J. Fried, D. Hodges, A. Hossain, K. Kim, G. Mahler, L. Ocampo Giraldo, E. Vernon, G. Yang, R. B. James

School of Health and Environmental Science

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

18 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Arrays of position-sensitive virtual Frisch-grid CdZnTe (CZT) detectors offer an economical approach to making high efficiency and high energy resolution gamma cameras for spectroscopy and imaging of radioactive sources. There are many application areas for such instruments including gamma-rays astronomy, medical and industrial imaging, nonproliferation and nuclear safeguards. Here we present the test results from a 4×4 array module coupled to the front-end ASIC. The array houses 16 detectors made of 6×6×20 mm³ CZT crystals. Each crystal is encapsulated inside an ultrathin polyester shell and furnished with four 5-mm-wide charge-sensing pads placed near the anode on each side of the detector. The pad's signals are used to measure X–Y coordinates while the cathode signals give the interaction depths (Z coordinates). Combined together the signals provide 3D position information of the interaction points which can be used to correct the detector response non-uniformity. This allows developers to use standard grade (unselected) CZT crystals while retaining high spectroscopic performance comparable with that of the H3D pixelated detectors. The array's design provides flexibility to replace individual detectors and extend their sizes, potentially increasing upwards of 4 cm in height. We started development of position-sensitive VFG detectors several years ago and today this technology has reached a high-maturity level and is ready to use in practical applications.

Original language	English
Article number	161036
Journal	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Volume	954
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.090
Publication status	Published - 2020 Feb 21

Keywords

3D charge-loss correction
CdZnTe
CdZnTe detectors
Position-sensitive virtual Frisch-grid detectors

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Instrumentation

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10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.090

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Bolotnikov, A. E., Camarda, G. S., De Geronimo, G., Fried, J., Hodges, D., Hossain, A., Kim, K., Mahler, G., Giraldo, L. O., Vernon, E., Yang, G., & James, R. B. (2020). A 4×4 array module of position-sensitive virtual Frisch-grid CdZnTe detectors for gamma-ray imaging spectrometers. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 954, [161036]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.090

A 4×4 array module of position-sensitive virtual Frisch-grid CdZnTe detectors for gamma-ray imaging spectrometers. / Bolotnikov, A. E.; Camarda, G. S.; De Geronimo, G. et al.

In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 954, 161036, 21.02.2020.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

Bolotnikov, AE, Camarda, GS, De Geronimo, G, Fried, J, Hodges, D, Hossain, A, Kim, K, Mahler, G, Giraldo, LO, Vernon, E, Yang, G & James, RB 2020, 'A 4×4 array module of position-sensitive virtual Frisch-grid CdZnTe detectors for gamma-ray imaging spectrometers', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 954, 161036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.090

Bolotnikov AE, Camarda GS, De Geronimo G, Fried J, Hodges D, Hossain A et al. A 4×4 array module of position-sensitive virtual Frisch-grid CdZnTe detectors for gamma-ray imaging spectrometers. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 2020 Feb 21;954:161036. doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.090

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abstract = "Arrays of position-sensitive virtual Frisch-grid CdZnTe (CZT) detectors offer an economical approach to making high efficiency and high energy resolution gamma cameras for spectroscopy and imaging of radioactive sources. There are many application areas for such instruments including gamma-rays astronomy, medical and industrial imaging, nonproliferation and nuclear safeguards. Here we present the test results from a 4×4 array module coupled to the front-end ASIC. The array houses 16 detectors made of 6×6×20 mm3 CZT crystals. Each crystal is encapsulated inside an ultrathin polyester shell and furnished with four 5-mm-wide charge-sensing pads placed near the anode on each side of the detector. The pad's signals are used to measure X–Y coordinates while the cathode signals give the interaction depths (Z coordinates). Combined together the signals provide 3D position information of the interaction points which can be used to correct the detector response non-uniformity. This allows developers to use standard grade (unselected) CZT crystals while retaining high spectroscopic performance comparable with that of the H3D pixelated detectors. The array's design provides flexibility to replace individual detectors and extend their sizes, potentially increasing upwards of 4 cm in height. We started development of position-sensitive VFG detectors several years ago and today this technology has reached a high-maturity level and is ready to use in practical applications.",

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AU - Camarda, G. S.

AU - De Geronimo, G.

AU - Fried, J.

AU - Hodges, D.

AU - Hossain, A.

AU - Kim, K.

AU - Mahler, G.

AU - Giraldo, L. Ocampo

AU - Vernon, E.

AU - Yang, G.

AU - James, R. B.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Research & Development (DNN R&D), Office of International Nuclear Safeguards—Safeguards Technology Development Program, and BNL’s Technology Maturation Award. The manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH1-886 with the U. S. Department of Energy. Publisher Copyright: © 2018

PY - 2020/2/21

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N2 - Arrays of position-sensitive virtual Frisch-grid CdZnTe (CZT) detectors offer an economical approach to making high efficiency and high energy resolution gamma cameras for spectroscopy and imaging of radioactive sources. There are many application areas for such instruments including gamma-rays astronomy, medical and industrial imaging, nonproliferation and nuclear safeguards. Here we present the test results from a 4×4 array module coupled to the front-end ASIC. The array houses 16 detectors made of 6×6×20 mm3 CZT crystals. Each crystal is encapsulated inside an ultrathin polyester shell and furnished with four 5-mm-wide charge-sensing pads placed near the anode on each side of the detector. The pad's signals are used to measure X–Y coordinates while the cathode signals give the interaction depths (Z coordinates). Combined together the signals provide 3D position information of the interaction points which can be used to correct the detector response non-uniformity. This allows developers to use standard grade (unselected) CZT crystals while retaining high spectroscopic performance comparable with that of the H3D pixelated detectors. The array's design provides flexibility to replace individual detectors and extend their sizes, potentially increasing upwards of 4 cm in height. We started development of position-sensitive VFG detectors several years ago and today this technology has reached a high-maturity level and is ready to use in practical applications.

AB - Arrays of position-sensitive virtual Frisch-grid CdZnTe (CZT) detectors offer an economical approach to making high efficiency and high energy resolution gamma cameras for spectroscopy and imaging of radioactive sources. There are many application areas for such instruments including gamma-rays astronomy, medical and industrial imaging, nonproliferation and nuclear safeguards. Here we present the test results from a 4×4 array module coupled to the front-end ASIC. The array houses 16 detectors made of 6×6×20 mm3 CZT crystals. Each crystal is encapsulated inside an ultrathin polyester shell and furnished with four 5-mm-wide charge-sensing pads placed near the anode on each side of the detector. The pad's signals are used to measure X–Y coordinates while the cathode signals give the interaction depths (Z coordinates). Combined together the signals provide 3D position information of the interaction points which can be used to correct the detector response non-uniformity. This allows developers to use standard grade (unselected) CZT crystals while retaining high spectroscopic performance comparable with that of the H3D pixelated detectors. The array's design provides flexibility to replace individual detectors and extend their sizes, potentially increasing upwards of 4 cm in height. We started development of position-sensitive VFG detectors several years ago and today this technology has reached a high-maturity level and is ready to use in practical applications.

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KW - CdZnTe detectors

KW - Position-sensitive virtual Frisch-grid detectors

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DO - 10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.090

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JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

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A 4×4 array module of position-sensitive virtual Frisch-grid CdZnTe detectors for gamma-ray imaging spectrometers

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Keywords

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