TY - JOUR
T1 - Aging effects on chemical transformation and metal(loid) removal by entrapped nanoscale zero-valent iron for hydraulic fracturing wastewater treatment
AU - Sun, Yuqing
AU - Lei, Cheng
AU - Khan, Eakalak
AU - Chen, Season S.
AU - Tsang, Daniel C.W.
AU - Ok, Yong Sik
AU - Lin, Daohui
AU - Feng, Yujie
AU - Li, Xiang dong
PY - 2018/2/15
Y1 - 2018/2/15
N2 - In this study, alginate and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-alginate entrapped nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) was tested for structural evolution, chemical transformation, and metals/metalloids removal (Cu(II), Cr(VI), Zn(II), and As(V)) after 1–2 month passivation in model saline wastewaters from hydraulic fracturing. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed successful prevention of Fe0 corrosion by polymeric entrapment. Increasing ionic strength (I) from 0 to 4.10 M (deionized water to Day-90 fracturing wastewater (FWW)) with prolonged aging time induced chemical instability of alginate due to dissociation of carboxyl groups and competition for hydrogen bonding with nZVI, which caused high Na (7.17%) and total organic carbon (24.6%) dissolution from PVA-alginate entrapped nZVI after 2-month immersion in Day-90 FWW. Compared to freshly-made beads, 2-month aging of PVA-alginate entrapped nZVI in Day-90 FWW promoted Cu(II) and Cr(VI) uptake in terms of the highest removal efficiency (84.2% and 70.8%), pseudo-second-order surface area-normalized rate coefficient ksa (2.09 × 10− 1 L m− 2 h− 1 and 1.84 × 10− 1 L m− 2 h− 1), and Fe dissolution after 8-h reaction (13.9% and 8.45%). However, the same conditions inhibited Zn(II) and As(V) sequestration in terms of the lowest removal efficiency (31.2% and 39.8%) by PVA-alginate nZVI and ksa (4.74 × 10− 2 L m− 2 h− 1 and 6.15 × 10− 2 L m− 2 h− 1) by alginate nZVI. The X-ray spectroscopic analysis and chemical speciation modelling demonstrated that the difference in metals/metalloids removal by entrapped nZVI after aging was attributed to distinctive removal mechanisms: (i) enhanced Cu(II) and Cr(VI) removal by nZVI reduction with accelerated electron transfer after pronounced dissolution of non-conductive polymeric immobilization matrix; (ii) suppressed Zn(II) and As(V) removal by nZVI adsorption due to restrained mass transfer after blockage of surface-active micropores. Entrapped nZVI was chemically fragile and should be properly stored and regularly replaced for good performance.
AB - In this study, alginate and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-alginate entrapped nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) was tested for structural evolution, chemical transformation, and metals/metalloids removal (Cu(II), Cr(VI), Zn(II), and As(V)) after 1–2 month passivation in model saline wastewaters from hydraulic fracturing. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed successful prevention of Fe0 corrosion by polymeric entrapment. Increasing ionic strength (I) from 0 to 4.10 M (deionized water to Day-90 fracturing wastewater (FWW)) with prolonged aging time induced chemical instability of alginate due to dissociation of carboxyl groups and competition for hydrogen bonding with nZVI, which caused high Na (7.17%) and total organic carbon (24.6%) dissolution from PVA-alginate entrapped nZVI after 2-month immersion in Day-90 FWW. Compared to freshly-made beads, 2-month aging of PVA-alginate entrapped nZVI in Day-90 FWW promoted Cu(II) and Cr(VI) uptake in terms of the highest removal efficiency (84.2% and 70.8%), pseudo-second-order surface area-normalized rate coefficient ksa (2.09 × 10− 1 L m− 2 h− 1 and 1.84 × 10− 1 L m− 2 h− 1), and Fe dissolution after 8-h reaction (13.9% and 8.45%). However, the same conditions inhibited Zn(II) and As(V) sequestration in terms of the lowest removal efficiency (31.2% and 39.8%) by PVA-alginate nZVI and ksa (4.74 × 10− 2 L m− 2 h− 1 and 6.15 × 10− 2 L m− 2 h− 1) by alginate nZVI. The X-ray spectroscopic analysis and chemical speciation modelling demonstrated that the difference in metals/metalloids removal by entrapped nZVI after aging was attributed to distinctive removal mechanisms: (i) enhanced Cu(II) and Cr(VI) removal by nZVI reduction with accelerated electron transfer after pronounced dissolution of non-conductive polymeric immobilization matrix; (ii) suppressed Zn(II) and As(V) removal by nZVI adsorption due to restrained mass transfer after blockage of surface-active micropores. Entrapped nZVI was chemically fragile and should be properly stored and regularly replaced for good performance.
KW - Aging effect
KW - Alginate entrapment
KW - Chemical speciation
KW - Hydraulic fracturing
KW - Metal/metalloid removal
KW - Nanoscale zero-valent iron
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85030697345&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85030697345&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.332
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.332
M3 - Article
C2 - 28988085
AN - SCOPUS:85030697345
VL - 615
SP - 498
EP - 507
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
SN - 0048-9697
ER -