TY - JOUR
T1 - An Optimal Battery Charging Algorithm in Electric Vehicle-Assisted Battery Swapping Environments
AU - Ko, Haneul
AU - Pack, Sangheon
AU - Leung, Victor C.M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
IEEE
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - In battery swapping environments, electric vehicles (EVs) can play roles as battery providers as well as consumers. In this paper, we propose an optimal battery charging algorithm (OBCA) where a battery swapping station (BSS) charges batteries in its storage with the consideration of the profile of the electricity price and the arrival rates of EVs. To maximize the net profit of BSS while maintaining the battery changing probability above a certain level (i.e., maintaining high quality of service (QoS) of BSS), we formulate a constraint Markov decision process (CMDP) problem and the optimal charging schedule for batteries in BSS is obtained by a linear programming (LP). Evaluation results demonstrate that OBCA with the optimal policy can improve the net profit of BSS up to 418% compared to an electric price-aware scheme while maintaining high QoS of BSS.
AB - In battery swapping environments, electric vehicles (EVs) can play roles as battery providers as well as consumers. In this paper, we propose an optimal battery charging algorithm (OBCA) where a battery swapping station (BSS) charges batteries in its storage with the consideration of the profile of the electricity price and the arrival rates of EVs. To maximize the net profit of BSS while maintaining the battery changing probability above a certain level (i.e., maintaining high quality of service (QoS) of BSS), we formulate a constraint Markov decision process (CMDP) problem and the optimal charging schedule for batteries in BSS is obtained by a linear programming (LP). Evaluation results demonstrate that OBCA with the optimal policy can improve the net profit of BSS up to 418% compared to an electric price-aware scheme while maintaining high QoS of BSS.
KW - battery charging algorithm
KW - Battery swapping
KW - battery swapping station (BSS)
KW - constraint Markov decision process (CMDP).
KW - electric vehicle (EV)
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U2 - 10.1109/TITS.2020.3038274
DO - 10.1109/TITS.2020.3038274
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85097935182
JO - IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
JF - IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
SN - 1524-9050
ER -