TY - JOUR
T1 - Azelaic Acid Induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Skeletal Muscle by Activation of Olfactory Receptor 544
AU - Thach, Trung Thanh
AU - Wu, Chunyan
AU - Hwang, Kwang Yeon
AU - Lee, Sung Joon
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grants funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (Grant Nos. NRF-2018R1A4A1022589 and NRF-2019R1A2C3005227). This research was supported by the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University. This work has been supported by a Korea University Grant.
Funding Information:
We thank Dr. Hiroaki Matsunami for providing Hana3A cells and Yu-Jung Hong for technical assistance. Funding. This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grants funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (Grant Nos. NRF-2018R1A4A1022589 and NRF-2019R1A2C3005227). This research was supported by the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University. This work has been supported by a Korea University Grant.
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2020 Thach, Wu, Hwang and Lee.
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/4/17
Y1 - 2020/4/17
N2 - Mouse olfactory receptor 544 (Olfr544) is ectopically expressed in varied extra-nasal organs with tissue specific functions. Here, we investigated the functionality of Olfr544 in skeletal muscle cells and tissue. The expression of Olfr544 is confirmed by RT-PCR and qPCR in skeletal muscle cells and mouse skeletal muscle assessed by RT-PCR and qPCR. Olfr544 activation by its ligand, azelaic acid (AzA, 50 μM), induced mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy in cultured skeletal myotubes by induction of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element binding protein (CREB)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling axis. The silencing Olfr544 gene expression abrogated these effects of AzA in cultured myotubes. Similarly, in mice, the acute subcutaneous injection of AzA induced the CREB-PGC-1α-ERK1/2 pathways in mouse skeletal muscle, but these activations were negated in those of Olfr544 knockout mice. These demonstrate that the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle by AzA is Olfr544-dependent. Oral administration of AzA to high-fat-diet fed obese mice for 6 weeks increased mitochondrial DNA content in the skeletal muscle as well. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Olfr544 activation by AzA regulates mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. Intake of AzA or food containing AzA may help to improve skeletal muscle function.
AB - Mouse olfactory receptor 544 (Olfr544) is ectopically expressed in varied extra-nasal organs with tissue specific functions. Here, we investigated the functionality of Olfr544 in skeletal muscle cells and tissue. The expression of Olfr544 is confirmed by RT-PCR and qPCR in skeletal muscle cells and mouse skeletal muscle assessed by RT-PCR and qPCR. Olfr544 activation by its ligand, azelaic acid (AzA, 50 μM), induced mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy in cultured skeletal myotubes by induction of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element binding protein (CREB)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling axis. The silencing Olfr544 gene expression abrogated these effects of AzA in cultured myotubes. Similarly, in mice, the acute subcutaneous injection of AzA induced the CREB-PGC-1α-ERK1/2 pathways in mouse skeletal muscle, but these activations were negated in those of Olfr544 knockout mice. These demonstrate that the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle by AzA is Olfr544-dependent. Oral administration of AzA to high-fat-diet fed obese mice for 6 weeks increased mitochondrial DNA content in the skeletal muscle as well. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Olfr544 activation by AzA regulates mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. Intake of AzA or food containing AzA may help to improve skeletal muscle function.
KW - azelaic acid
KW - mitochondrial biogenesis
KW - myotube
KW - olfactory receptor 544
KW - skeletal muscle
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85084543692&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85084543692&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fphys.2020.00329
DO - 10.3389/fphys.2020.00329
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85084543692
VL - 11
JO - Frontiers in Physiology
JF - Frontiers in Physiology
SN - 1664-042X
M1 - 329
ER -