Beam diffraction by a planar grid structure at 93 GHz

Using the transmission-line model approach, the authors attempt to demonstrate that the beam can be steered by building a grid structure without diodes to give a fixed beam shift. A simple transmission-line model is used to convert the zero-order diffracted wave to the first order. This model is useful because it can easily include semiconductor devices with biasing circuits. In the grids considered, diodes were replaced by gaps with different sizes to obtain different capacitances needed to steer a beam at 93 GHz. The results show a successful beam shift of 30° with a loss of 2.5 dB.