TY - JOUR
T1 - Bestrophin 1 and retinal disease
AU - Johnson, Adiv A.
AU - Guziewicz, Karina E.
AU - Lee, C. Justin
AU - Kalathur, Ravi C.
AU - Pulido, Jose S.
AU - Marmorstein, Lihua Y.
AU - Marmorstein, Alan D.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2017/5
Y1 - 2017/5
N2 - Mutations in the gene BEST1 are causally associated with as many as five clinically distinct retinal degenerative diseases, which are collectively referred to as the “bestrophinopathies”. These five associated diseases are: Best vitelliform macular dystrophy, autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy, adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy, autosomal dominant vitreoretinochoroidopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa. The most common of these is Best vitelliform macular dystrophy. Bestrophin 1 (Best1), the protein encoded by the gene BEST1, has been the subject of a great deal of research since it was first identified nearly two decades ago. Today we know that Best1 functions as both a pentameric anion channel and a regulator of intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Best1 is an integral membrane protein which, within the eye, is uniquely expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium where it predominantly localizes to the basolateral plasma membrane. Within the brain, Best1 expression has been documented in both glial cells and astrocytes where it functions in both tonic GABA release and glutamate transport. The crystal structure of Best1 has revealed critical information about how Best1 functions as an ion channel and how Ca2+ regulates that function. Studies using animal models have led to critical insights into the physiological roles of Best1 and advances in stem cell technology have allowed for the development of patient-derived, “disease in a dish” models. In this article we review our knowledge of Best1 and discuss prospects for near-term clinical trials to test therapies for the bestrophinopathies, a currently incurable and untreatable set of diseases.
AB - Mutations in the gene BEST1 are causally associated with as many as five clinically distinct retinal degenerative diseases, which are collectively referred to as the “bestrophinopathies”. These five associated diseases are: Best vitelliform macular dystrophy, autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy, adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy, autosomal dominant vitreoretinochoroidopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa. The most common of these is Best vitelliform macular dystrophy. Bestrophin 1 (Best1), the protein encoded by the gene BEST1, has been the subject of a great deal of research since it was first identified nearly two decades ago. Today we know that Best1 functions as both a pentameric anion channel and a regulator of intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Best1 is an integral membrane protein which, within the eye, is uniquely expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium where it predominantly localizes to the basolateral plasma membrane. Within the brain, Best1 expression has been documented in both glial cells and astrocytes where it functions in both tonic GABA release and glutamate transport. The crystal structure of Best1 has revealed critical information about how Best1 functions as an ion channel and how Ca2+ regulates that function. Studies using animal models have led to critical insights into the physiological roles of Best1 and advances in stem cell technology have allowed for the development of patient-derived, “disease in a dish” models. In this article we review our knowledge of Best1 and discuss prospects for near-term clinical trials to test therapies for the bestrophinopathies, a currently incurable and untreatable set of diseases.
KW - Anion channel
KW - Best1
KW - Bestrophin
KW - Maculopathy
KW - Retinal disease
KW - Retinal pigment epithelium
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85011340747&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.01.006
DO - 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.01.006
M3 - Review article
C2 - 28153808
AN - SCOPUS:85011340747
SN - 1350-9462
VL - 58
SP - 45
EP - 69
JO - Progress in Retinal Research
JF - Progress in Retinal Research
ER -