TY - JOUR
T1 - Biochar industry to circular economy
AU - Hu, Qiang
AU - Jung, Janelle
AU - Chen, Dexiang
AU - Leong, Ken
AU - Song, Shuang
AU - Li, Fanghua
AU - Mohan, Babu Cadiam
AU - Yao, Zhiyi
AU - Prabhakar, Arun Kumar
AU - Lin, Xuan Hao
AU - Lim, Ee Yang
AU - Zhang, Le
AU - Souradeep, Gupta
AU - Ok, Yong Sik
AU - Kua, Harn Wei
AU - Li, Sam F.Y.
AU - Tan, Hugh T.W.
AU - Dai, Yanjun
AU - Tong, Yen Wah
AU - Peng, Yinghong
AU - Joseph, Stephen
AU - Wang, Chi Hwa
N1 - Funding Information:
This research program is funded by the National Research Foundation (NRF), Prime Minister's Office, Singapore, under its Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) program, grant Number R-706-001-102-281. The authors acknowledge the technical input by Dr. Xin He on Fig. 2c. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the views of the National Environment Agency Singapore, Public Utilities Board, Singapore, National Park Board, Singapore, Singapore Food Agency, and Enterprise Singapore.
Funding Information:
This research program is funded by the National Research Foundation (NRF), Prime Minister's Office, Singapore, under its Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) program, grant Number R-706-001-102-281 . The authors acknowledge the technical input by Dr. Xin He on Fig. 2 c. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the views of the National Environment Agency Singapore, Public Utilities Board, Singapore, National Park Board, Singapore, Singapore Food Agency, and Enterprise Singapore.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2021/2/25
Y1 - 2021/2/25
N2 - Biochar, produced as a by-product of pyrolysis/gasification of waste biomass, shows great potential to reduce the environment impact, address the climate change issue, and establish a circular economy model. Despite the promising outlook, the research on the benefits of biochar remains highly debated. This has been attributed to the heterogeneity of biochar itself, with its inherent physical, chemical and biological properties highly influenced by production variables such as feedstock types and treating conditions. Hence, to enable meaningful comparison of results, establishment of an agreed international standard to govern the production of biochar for specific uses is necessary. In this study, we analyzed four key uses of biochar: 1) in agriculture and horticulture, 2) as construction material, 3) as activated carbon, and 4) in anaerobic digestion. Then the guidelines for the properties of biochar, especially for the concentrations of toxic heavy metals, for its environmental friendly application were proposed in the context of Singapore. The international status of the biochar industry code of practice, feedback from Singapore local industry and government agencies, as well as future perspectives for the biochar industry were explained.
AB - Biochar, produced as a by-product of pyrolysis/gasification of waste biomass, shows great potential to reduce the environment impact, address the climate change issue, and establish a circular economy model. Despite the promising outlook, the research on the benefits of biochar remains highly debated. This has been attributed to the heterogeneity of biochar itself, with its inherent physical, chemical and biological properties highly influenced by production variables such as feedstock types and treating conditions. Hence, to enable meaningful comparison of results, establishment of an agreed international standard to govern the production of biochar for specific uses is necessary. In this study, we analyzed four key uses of biochar: 1) in agriculture and horticulture, 2) as construction material, 3) as activated carbon, and 4) in anaerobic digestion. Then the guidelines for the properties of biochar, especially for the concentrations of toxic heavy metals, for its environmental friendly application were proposed in the context of Singapore. The international status of the biochar industry code of practice, feedback from Singapore local industry and government agencies, as well as future perspectives for the biochar industry were explained.
KW - Activated carbon
KW - Agriculture and horticulture
KW - Anaerobic digestion
KW - Biochar
KW - Construction material
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85097084923&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143820
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143820
M3 - Article
C2 - 33248779
AN - SCOPUS:85097084923
VL - 757
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
SN - 0048-9697
M1 - 143820
ER -
