Branch-line couplers using defected ground structure

In this letter, a novel design of a branch-line coupler with considerable reduction in its size and suppressed harmonic passband is proposed. By embedding a defected ground structure (DGS) unit cell under a microstrip line, compact branch-line couplers are easily achieved. The electrical length is scaled appropriately according to the slow-wave effect. In this case, the experimental coupling (S₂₁ or S₃₁) is comparable to that of conventional branch-line couplers. Also, experimental results indicate that DGS section is quite effective for the suppression of higher order harmonics.