TY - JOUR
T1 - Ca2+ - substitution effect on the electronic structure of CaCu3Ti4O12 studied by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis
AU - Jani, Komal K.
AU - Barad, Divyesh V.
AU - Raval, Pooja Y.
AU - Nehra, Monika
AU - Vasoya, Nimish H.
AU - Jakhar, Narendra
AU - Modi, Kunal B.
AU - Kumar, Sandeep
AU - Lim, Dong Kwon
AU - Singhal, Rishi Kumar
N1 - Funding Information:
One of the authors DVB thanks UGC , New Delhi for awarding National fellowship for other backward classes. SK would like to thank the HSCST , Government of Haryana, India (research grant wide letter No. HSCST/R and D/2018/2103 dated 01-08-2018).
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - A detailed electronic structure study of quadruple perovskite series, Ca1+xCu3-xTi4O12 (for x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0), using electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) has been carriedout. The Ti2p ESCA spectra imply that Ti ions remain in the tetravalent state and show the presence of Ti clusters, TiO6 and TiO5. The Cu2p spectra indicate the dominance of the divalent state of Cu ions. The Ca2p spectra show that Ca atoms are divalent but spectral features are suggestive of the presence of Ca superficial atoms in the system which is possibly due to the precipitation of Ca atoms in the grain boundary regions. The Ca2p in conjunction with O1s spectra shows that there is a strong possibility of hybridization of Ca2p states with the O1s and/or the Cu3d orbitals. The remarkable shift in O1s spectra towards the lower energy side for the samples with x ≥ 0.5 is mainly due to the substitution of large cation Ca2+ (1.0 Å), for small cation Cu2+ (0.73 Å) in the series. That results in bond length enhancement and weakening of the bond strength. It is proposed that the shift of O1s peaks can also be partially caused by oxygen vacancies; nevertheless, more experiments are required to substantiate this.
AB - A detailed electronic structure study of quadruple perovskite series, Ca1+xCu3-xTi4O12 (for x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0), using electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) has been carriedout. The Ti2p ESCA spectra imply that Ti ions remain in the tetravalent state and show the presence of Ti clusters, TiO6 and TiO5. The Cu2p spectra indicate the dominance of the divalent state of Cu ions. The Ca2p spectra show that Ca atoms are divalent but spectral features are suggestive of the presence of Ca superficial atoms in the system which is possibly due to the precipitation of Ca atoms in the grain boundary regions. The Ca2p in conjunction with O1s spectra shows that there is a strong possibility of hybridization of Ca2p states with the O1s and/or the Cu3d orbitals. The remarkable shift in O1s spectra towards the lower energy side for the samples with x ≥ 0.5 is mainly due to the substitution of large cation Ca2+ (1.0 Å), for small cation Cu2+ (0.73 Å) in the series. That results in bond length enhancement and weakening of the bond strength. It is proposed that the shift of O1s peaks can also be partially caused by oxygen vacancies; nevertheless, more experiments are required to substantiate this.
KW - CaCuTiO
KW - Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis
KW - Electronic structure
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.10.138
DO - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.10.138
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85093651642
JO - Ceramics International
JF - Ceramics International
SN - 0272-8842
ER -