Characteristics of ZnO:Al thin films co-doped with hydrogen and fluorine

Y. H. Kim; J. Jeong; K. S. Lee; J. K. Park; Y. J. Baik; T. Y. Seong; W. M. Kim

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.03.076

Characteristics of ZnO:Al thin films co-doped with hydrogen and fluorine

Y. H. Kim, J. Jeong, K. S. Lee, J. K. Park, Y. J. Baik, T. Y. Seong, W. M. Kim

Department of Materials Science and Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

16 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Fluorine and hydrogen co-doped ZnO:Al (AZO) films were prepared by radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering of ZnO targets containing 1 wt.% Al ₂ O ₃ on Corning glass at substrate temperature of 150 °C with Ar/CF ₄ /H ₂ gas mixtures, and the structural, electrical and optical properties of the as-deposited and the vacuum-annealed films were investigated. In as-deposited state, films with fairly low resistivity of 3.9-4 × 10 ^-4 Ω cm and very low absorption coefficient below 900 cm ^-1 when averaged in 400-800 nm could be fabricated. After vacuum-heating at 300 °C, the minimum resistivity of 2.9 × 10 ^-4 Ω cm combined with low absorption loss in visible region, which enabled the figure of merit to uplift as high as 4 Ω ^-1 , could be obtained for vacuum-annealed film. It was shown that, unlike hydrogenated ZnO films which resulted in degradation upon heating in vacuum at moderately high temperature, films with fluorine addition could yield improved electrical properties mostly due to enhanced Hall mobility while preserving carrier concentration level. Furthermore, stability in oxidizing environment could be improved by fluorine addition, which was ascribed to the filling effect of dangling bonds at the grain boundaries. These results showed that co-doping of hydrogen and fluorine into AZO films with low Al concentration could be remarkably compatible with thin film solar cell applications.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	5102-5107
Number of pages	6
Journal	Applied Surface Science
Volume	256
Issue number	16
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.03.076
Publication status	Published - 2010 Jun 1

Keywords

Co-doping
Fluorine
Hydrogen
Transparent conducting oxide
ZnO

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Chemistry(all)
Condensed Matter Physics
Physics and Astronomy(all)
Surfaces and Interfaces
Surfaces, Coatings and Films

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Kim, Y. H., Jeong, J., Lee, K. S., Park, J. K., Baik, Y. J., Seong, T. Y., & Kim, W. M. (2010). Characteristics of ZnO:Al thin films co-doped with hydrogen and fluorine. Applied Surface Science, 256(16), 5102-5107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.03.076

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title = "Characteristics of ZnO:Al thin films co-doped with hydrogen and fluorine",

abstract = " Fluorine and hydrogen co-doped ZnO:Al (AZO) films were prepared by radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering of ZnO targets containing 1 wt.% Al 2 O 3 on Corning glass at substrate temperature of 150 °C with Ar/CF 4 /H 2 gas mixtures, and the structural, electrical and optical properties of the as-deposited and the vacuum-annealed films were investigated. In as-deposited state, films with fairly low resistivity of 3.9-4 × 10 -4 Ω cm and very low absorption coefficient below 900 cm -1 when averaged in 400-800 nm could be fabricated. After vacuum-heating at 300 °C, the minimum resistivity of 2.9 × 10 -4 Ω cm combined with low absorption loss in visible region, which enabled the figure of merit to uplift as high as 4 Ω -1 , could be obtained for vacuum-annealed film. It was shown that, unlike hydrogenated ZnO films which resulted in degradation upon heating in vacuum at moderately high temperature, films with fluorine addition could yield improved electrical properties mostly due to enhanced Hall mobility while preserving carrier concentration level. Furthermore, stability in oxidizing environment could be improved by fluorine addition, which was ascribed to the filling effect of dangling bonds at the grain boundaries. These results showed that co-doping of hydrogen and fluorine into AZO films with low Al concentration could be remarkably compatible with thin film solar cell applications.",

keywords = "Co-doping, Fluorine, Hydrogen, Transparent conducting oxide, ZnO",

author = "Kim, {Y. H.} and J. Jeong and Lee, {K. S.} and Park, {J. K.} and Baik, {Y. J.} and Seong, {T. Y.} and Kim, {W. M.}",

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AU - Kim, Y. H.

AU - Jeong, J.

AU - Lee, K. S.

AU - Park, J. K.

AU - Baik, Y. J.

AU - Seong, T. Y.

AU - Kim, W. M.

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N2 - Fluorine and hydrogen co-doped ZnO:Al (AZO) films were prepared by radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering of ZnO targets containing 1 wt.% Al 2 O 3 on Corning glass at substrate temperature of 150 °C with Ar/CF 4 /H 2 gas mixtures, and the structural, electrical and optical properties of the as-deposited and the vacuum-annealed films were investigated. In as-deposited state, films with fairly low resistivity of 3.9-4 × 10 -4 Ω cm and very low absorption coefficient below 900 cm -1 when averaged in 400-800 nm could be fabricated. After vacuum-heating at 300 °C, the minimum resistivity of 2.9 × 10 -4 Ω cm combined with low absorption loss in visible region, which enabled the figure of merit to uplift as high as 4 Ω -1 , could be obtained for vacuum-annealed film. It was shown that, unlike hydrogenated ZnO films which resulted in degradation upon heating in vacuum at moderately high temperature, films with fluorine addition could yield improved electrical properties mostly due to enhanced Hall mobility while preserving carrier concentration level. Furthermore, stability in oxidizing environment could be improved by fluorine addition, which was ascribed to the filling effect of dangling bonds at the grain boundaries. These results showed that co-doping of hydrogen and fluorine into AZO films with low Al concentration could be remarkably compatible with thin film solar cell applications.

AB - Fluorine and hydrogen co-doped ZnO:Al (AZO) films were prepared by radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering of ZnO targets containing 1 wt.% Al 2 O 3 on Corning glass at substrate temperature of 150 °C with Ar/CF 4 /H 2 gas mixtures, and the structural, electrical and optical properties of the as-deposited and the vacuum-annealed films were investigated. In as-deposited state, films with fairly low resistivity of 3.9-4 × 10 -4 Ω cm and very low absorption coefficient below 900 cm -1 when averaged in 400-800 nm could be fabricated. After vacuum-heating at 300 °C, the minimum resistivity of 2.9 × 10 -4 Ω cm combined with low absorption loss in visible region, which enabled the figure of merit to uplift as high as 4 Ω -1 , could be obtained for vacuum-annealed film. It was shown that, unlike hydrogenated ZnO films which resulted in degradation upon heating in vacuum at moderately high temperature, films with fluorine addition could yield improved electrical properties mostly due to enhanced Hall mobility while preserving carrier concentration level. Furthermore, stability in oxidizing environment could be improved by fluorine addition, which was ascribed to the filling effect of dangling bonds at the grain boundaries. These results showed that co-doping of hydrogen and fluorine into AZO films with low Al concentration could be remarkably compatible with thin film solar cell applications.

KW - Co-doping

KW - Fluorine

KW - Hydrogen

KW - Transparent conducting oxide

KW - ZnO

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