Abstract
Objective: A substantial body of evidence indicates that dysregulation of the immune system is associated with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Because most cytokines have pleiotropic effects, we measured various subsets of cytokines to examine the association between immune response and MDD. Methods: Forty-eight hospitalized MDD patients and 63 normal controls were recruited. We measured in vitro monocytic (IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha), Th1 (interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2), Th2 (IL-4), and Treg (transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1) cytokine production as well as IL-2/IL-4 and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratios for both groups. Depressive symptoms were assessed by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Patients were evaluated before and after 6 weeks of antidepressant treatment. Results: At admission, IL-6, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1 production, and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio were significantly higher, whereas IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4 were significantly lower in MDD patients. After treatment, IL-6 and TGF-beta1 production were significantly lower than before treatment. Conclusion: We suggest that activation of monocytic proinflammatory cytokines, and inhibition of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines may be associated with immunological dysregulation in MDD. TGF-beta1 may be associated with the regulation of monocytic cytokines as well as Th1 and Th2 cytokines in MDD.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1044-1053 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry |
| Volume | 31 |
| Issue number | 5 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2007 Jun 30 |
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Keywords
- Antidepressants
- Cytokines
- Interferons
- Interleukins
- Psychoimmunology
- Transforming growth factors
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pharmacology
- Biological Psychiatry
Cite this
Cytokine imbalance in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder. / Kim, Yong Ku; Na, Kyeong Sae; Shin, Kyung-Ho; Jung, Han Yong; Choi, So Hyun; Kim, Jung Bum.
In: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Vol. 31, No. 5, 30.06.2007, p. 1044-1053.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Cytokine imbalance in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder
AU - Kim, Yong Ku
AU - Na, Kyeong Sae
AU - Shin, Kyung-Ho
AU - Jung, Han Yong
AU - Choi, So Hyun
AU - Kim, Jung Bum
PY - 2007/6/30
Y1 - 2007/6/30
N2 - Objective: A substantial body of evidence indicates that dysregulation of the immune system is associated with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Because most cytokines have pleiotropic effects, we measured various subsets of cytokines to examine the association between immune response and MDD. Methods: Forty-eight hospitalized MDD patients and 63 normal controls were recruited. We measured in vitro monocytic (IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha), Th1 (interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2), Th2 (IL-4), and Treg (transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1) cytokine production as well as IL-2/IL-4 and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratios for both groups. Depressive symptoms were assessed by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Patients were evaluated before and after 6 weeks of antidepressant treatment. Results: At admission, IL-6, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1 production, and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio were significantly higher, whereas IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4 were significantly lower in MDD patients. After treatment, IL-6 and TGF-beta1 production were significantly lower than before treatment. Conclusion: We suggest that activation of monocytic proinflammatory cytokines, and inhibition of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines may be associated with immunological dysregulation in MDD. TGF-beta1 may be associated with the regulation of monocytic cytokines as well as Th1 and Th2 cytokines in MDD.
AB - Objective: A substantial body of evidence indicates that dysregulation of the immune system is associated with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Because most cytokines have pleiotropic effects, we measured various subsets of cytokines to examine the association between immune response and MDD. Methods: Forty-eight hospitalized MDD patients and 63 normal controls were recruited. We measured in vitro monocytic (IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha), Th1 (interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2), Th2 (IL-4), and Treg (transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1) cytokine production as well as IL-2/IL-4 and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratios for both groups. Depressive symptoms were assessed by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Patients were evaluated before and after 6 weeks of antidepressant treatment. Results: At admission, IL-6, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1 production, and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio were significantly higher, whereas IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4 were significantly lower in MDD patients. After treatment, IL-6 and TGF-beta1 production were significantly lower than before treatment. Conclusion: We suggest that activation of monocytic proinflammatory cytokines, and inhibition of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines may be associated with immunological dysregulation in MDD. TGF-beta1 may be associated with the regulation of monocytic cytokines as well as Th1 and Th2 cytokines in MDD.
KW - Antidepressants
KW - Cytokines
KW - Interferons
KW - Interleukins
KW - Psychoimmunology
KW - Transforming growth factors
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34249325459&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=34249325459&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.03.004
DO - 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.03.004
M3 - Article
VL - 31
SP - 1044
EP - 1053
JO - Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
JF - Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
SN - 0278-5846
IS - 5
ER -