Deep Q-network to produce polarization-independent perfect solar absorbers: a statistical report

Using reinforcement learning, a deep Q-network was used to design polarization-independent, perfect solar absorbers. The deep Q-network selected the geometrical properties and materials of a symmetric three-layer metamaterial made up of circular rods on top of two films. The combination of all the possible permutations gives around 500 billion possible designs. In around 30,000 steps, the deep Q-network was able to produce 1250 structures that have an integrated absorption of higher than 90% in the visible region, with a maximum of 97.6% and an integrated absorption of less than 10% in the 8–13 µm wavelength region, with a minimum of 1.37%. A statistical analysis of the distribution of materials and geometrical parameters that make up the solar absorbers is presented.