TY - JOUR
T1 - Double Gyroids for Frequency-Isolated Weyl Points in the Visible Regime and Interference Lithographic Design
AU - Park, Haedong
AU - Lee, Seungwoo
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Samsung Research Funding and Incubation Center for Future Technology of Samsung Electronics (Project No. SRFC-MA1801-04). H.P. acknowledges the research professor fellowship, supported from a Korea University grant.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2020/6/17
Y1 - 2020/6/17
N2 - Easy-to-craft photonic crystals enabling frequency-isolated Weyl points, especially at visible wavelengths, are yet to be developed. To this end, we exploited double gyroid (DG) crystals with Parity (P)-breaking and nanoscale unit cells, which are readily compatible with currently accessible interference lithography (IL). By modulating a level-set equation, we designed the D2-symmetric single gyroid (SG), perturbed from an O-symmetric SG, and found that the DG crystals, consisting of D2- and O-symmetric SGs with opposite chirality, can exhibit frequency-isolated Weyl points. As a route to the fabrication of the designed P-breaking DG crystals with a nanoscale unit cell, the IL condition was defined in terms of (i) wavenumbers of multiple beams and (ii) their own complex electric fields. Our lithographically designed nanoscale DG crystals, even with a practical material condition, exhibited the Weyl points whose wavelengths were totally separated from other neighboring bands. Given the established design strategy suitable for a practical processing (e.g., IL), we have provided a viable route for on-chip integration of such Weyl materials, enabling topologically nontrivial surface states.
AB - Easy-to-craft photonic crystals enabling frequency-isolated Weyl points, especially at visible wavelengths, are yet to be developed. To this end, we exploited double gyroid (DG) crystals with Parity (P)-breaking and nanoscale unit cells, which are readily compatible with currently accessible interference lithography (IL). By modulating a level-set equation, we designed the D2-symmetric single gyroid (SG), perturbed from an O-symmetric SG, and found that the DG crystals, consisting of D2- and O-symmetric SGs with opposite chirality, can exhibit frequency-isolated Weyl points. As a route to the fabrication of the designed P-breaking DG crystals with a nanoscale unit cell, the IL condition was defined in terms of (i) wavenumbers of multiple beams and (ii) their own complex electric fields. Our lithographically designed nanoscale DG crystals, even with a practical material condition, exhibited the Weyl points whose wavelengths were totally separated from other neighboring bands. Given the established design strategy suitable for a practical processing (e.g., IL), we have provided a viable route for on-chip integration of such Weyl materials, enabling topologically nontrivial surface states.
KW - D-symmetric gyroid
KW - Weyl point
KW - frequency-isolation
KW - interference lithography
KW - topological photonics
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85087106176&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acsphotonics.0c00532
DO - 10.1021/acsphotonics.0c00532
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85087106176
SN - 2330-4022
VL - 7
SP - 1577
EP - 1585
JO - ACS Photonics
JF - ACS Photonics
IS - 6
ER -