TY - JOUR
T1 - Dynamic cone penetrometer incorporated with time domain reflectometry (Tdr) sensors for the evaluation of water contents in sandy soils
AU - Hong, Won Taek
AU - Yu, Jung Doung
AU - Kim, Sang Yeob
AU - Lee, Jong Sub
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2018R1D1A1B07048182).
Funding Information:
This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2018R1D1A1B07048182).
PY - 2019/9/2
Y1 - 2019/9/2
N2 - Ground moisture content and strength properties are the most important factors for a proper assessment of ground stability. This study developed a dynamic cone penetrometer incorporated with time domain reflectometry (TDR) sensors (TDCP). The TDCP is composed of an anvil, a driving rod, and a TDCP probe. Three wave guides and a K-type thermocouple are installed on the TDCP probe. For utilization of TDCP, relationships between relative permittivities measured by TDCP and those measured by standard TDR probe, temperature, and volumetric water content of the soils were investigated. In addition, the relationship between penetration indices by TDCP (TPI) and by standard dynamic cone penetrometer was established. In the field application test, relative permittivity, ground temperature, and TPI were measured along the depth. Moreover, gravimetric water contents were also measured for comparison. The experimental results showed that volumetric water contents compensated by ground temperature showed good agreement with the volumetric water contents estimated from the gravimetric water contents of the soil samples and TPI. This study suggests that the TDCP may be effectively used for the evaluation moisture contents and for the strength characterization of the subsurface.
AB - Ground moisture content and strength properties are the most important factors for a proper assessment of ground stability. This study developed a dynamic cone penetrometer incorporated with time domain reflectometry (TDR) sensors (TDCP). The TDCP is composed of an anvil, a driving rod, and a TDCP probe. Three wave guides and a K-type thermocouple are installed on the TDCP probe. For utilization of TDCP, relationships between relative permittivities measured by TDCP and those measured by standard TDR probe, temperature, and volumetric water content of the soils were investigated. In addition, the relationship between penetration indices by TDCP (TPI) and by standard dynamic cone penetrometer was established. In the field application test, relative permittivity, ground temperature, and TPI were measured along the depth. Moreover, gravimetric water contents were also measured for comparison. The experimental results showed that volumetric water contents compensated by ground temperature showed good agreement with the volumetric water contents estimated from the gravimetric water contents of the soil samples and TPI. This study suggests that the TDCP may be effectively used for the evaluation moisture contents and for the strength characterization of the subsurface.
KW - Dynamic cone penetrometer
KW - Penetration index
KW - Relative permittivity
KW - Time domain reflectometry
KW - Volumetric water content
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U2 - 10.3390/s19183841
DO - 10.3390/s19183841
M3 - Article
C2 - 31491983
AN - SCOPUS:85071896573
VL - 19
JO - Sensors (Switzerland)
JF - Sensors (Switzerland)
SN - 1424-8220
IS - 18
M1 - 3841
ER -