@article{0d5fee37791c4b908e7a6c67c2fd0cfe,
title = "Effect of varying external pneumatic pressure on hemolysis and red blood cell elongation index in fresh and aged blood Randomized laboratory research",
abstract = "Background: External applied pneumatic pressure is usually used for rapid transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs). However, increased shear stress can cause increased hemolysis and decreased RBC elongation indices. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure the degree of hemolysis and the alteration of RBC elongation indices under varying external pressure in fresh and aged blood. Methods: Venous blood samples were obtained from 20 healthy human volunteers. Each blood bag was divided into 2 subgroups (5 or 35 days of storage), and 5 levels of pressure were applied: 0, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mmHg. After infusion, a laboratory study was conducted. The percentages of irreversibly changed cells were evaluated using Bessis classification. RBC elongation indices were measured using a microfluidic ektacytometer. Results: There were no significant differences in the percentage of irreversibly changed RBCs between the pressures of 0 and 300 mmHg. Moreover, there were no significant differences in laboratory test results or elongation indices among all levels of pressure. Irreversibly changed RBCs and hemolysis were increased depending on the storage period. Conclusion: Irreversible changes in RBCs did not occur as a result of external pressure. The hemolysis and elongation indices of fresh RBCs were not influenced by external pneumatic pressure up to 300 mmHg. Only the storage period affected the irreversible changes in RBCs and hemolysis. Therefore, the application of external pressure to RBCs in variously aged blood is likely to be a safe procedure.",
keywords = "Blood, Elongation indices, Hemolysis, Pressure, Red blood cells, Transfusion",
author = "Choi, {Yoon Ji} and Hyub Huh and Bae, {Go Eun} and Ko, {Eun Ji} and Choi, {Sung Uk} and Park, {Sang Hyun} and Lim, {Choon Hak} and Shin, {Hye Won} and Lee, {Hye Won} and Yoon, {Seung Zhoo}",
note = "Funding Information: YJC and HH have contributed equally to this work. This work was supported by the Medical K corp. All authors have no conflict of interest. aDepartment of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do,bDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, cMaypure Clinic, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-do, dBiomedical Center, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. ∗Correspondence: Sang-Hyun Park, Biomedical Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 04821, Republic of Korea (e-mail: lovephysics.kumc@gmail.com). Copyright {\textcopyright} 2018 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License 4.0 (CCBY-NC), where it is permissible to download, share, remix, transform, and buildup the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be used commercially without permission from the journal. Medicine (2018) 97:28(e11460) Received: 2 October 2017 / Accepted: 18 June 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000011460 Funding Information: This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (2018R1C1B6007539).",
year = "2018",
month = jul,
doi = "10.1097/MD.0000000000011460",
language = "English",
volume = "97",
journal = "Medicine; analytical reviews of general medicine, neurology, psychiatry, dermatology, and pediatries",
issn = "0025-7974",
publisher = "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins",
number = "28",
}