TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of graphene oxides on soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass
AU - Chung, Haegeun
AU - Kim, Min Ji
AU - Ko, Kwanyoung
AU - Kim, Jae Hyeuk
AU - Kwon, Hyun ah
AU - Hong, Inpyo
AU - Park, Nari
AU - Lee, Seung Wook
AU - Kim, Woong
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the faculty research fund of Konkuk University in 2011.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2015/5/1
Y1 - 2015/5/1
N2 - Due to recent developments in nanotechnology, nanomaterials (NMs) such as graphene oxide (GO) may enter the soil environment with mostly unknown consequences. We investigated the effects of GO on soil microbial activity in a 59-day soil incubation study. For this, high-purity GO was prepared and characterized. Soils were treated with up to 1mgGOg-1 soil, and the changes in the activities of 1,4-β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, xylosidase, 1,4-β-N-acetyl glucosaminidase, and phosphatase and microbial biomass were determined. 0.5-1mg GOg-1 soil lowered the activity of xylosidase, 1,4-β-N-acetyl glucosaminidase, and phosphatase by up to 50% when compared to that in the control soils up to 21days of incubation. Microbial biomass in soils treated with GO was not significantly different from that in control soils throughout the incubation period, and the soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass were not significantly correlated in this study. Our results indicate that soil enzyme activity can be lowered by the entry of GO into soils in short term but it can be recovered afterwards.
AB - Due to recent developments in nanotechnology, nanomaterials (NMs) such as graphene oxide (GO) may enter the soil environment with mostly unknown consequences. We investigated the effects of GO on soil microbial activity in a 59-day soil incubation study. For this, high-purity GO was prepared and characterized. Soils were treated with up to 1mgGOg-1 soil, and the changes in the activities of 1,4-β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, xylosidase, 1,4-β-N-acetyl glucosaminidase, and phosphatase and microbial biomass were determined. 0.5-1mg GOg-1 soil lowered the activity of xylosidase, 1,4-β-N-acetyl glucosaminidase, and phosphatase by up to 50% when compared to that in the control soils up to 21days of incubation. Microbial biomass in soils treated with GO was not significantly different from that in control soils throughout the incubation period, and the soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass were not significantly correlated in this study. Our results indicate that soil enzyme activity can be lowered by the entry of GO into soils in short term but it can be recovered afterwards.
KW - Extracellular enzymes
KW - Microbial biomass
KW - Nanomaterial
KW - Soil incubation
KW - Soil microorganisms
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84922470073&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.077
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.077
M3 - Article
C2 - 25668283
AN - SCOPUS:84922470073
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 514
SP - 307
EP - 313
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
ER -