TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of intensive training on menstrual function and certain serum hormones and peptides related to the female reproductive system
AU - Cho, Geum Joon
AU - Han, Sung Won
AU - Shin, Jung Ho
AU - Kim, Tak
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2017 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
PY - 2017/5/1
Y1 - 2017/5/1
N2 - The aim of this study was to assess the effects of intensive training on menstrual function and related serum hormones and peptides. Forty female participants who attended a training course for an officer at the Korea Third Military Academy, and had regular menstrual periods were enrolled. Menstrual questionnaires and fasting blood samples were collected before entry and at 4-week intervals for 8 weeks. The levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), cortisol, prolactin, endorphin-β, neuropeptide Y (NPY), leptin, orexin-A, ghrelin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E 2), thyrotropin (TSH), and thyroxine (T 4) were determined. Body mass index and waist circumference decreased during the training course. Intensive training of military cadets resulted in changes of menstruation and related biomarkers. The levels of CRH, endorphin-β, NPY, orexin-A, ghrelin, E 2, and T 4 decreased substantially, and cortisol, prolactin, and TSH increased. Seventy percent of participants with regular menstrual periods before developed irregular during the training course. Participants were then categorized into 2 groups: Those with regular menstruation (n=12) and those with irregular menstruation (n=28). The levels of hormones and peptides were not different between the 2 groups. In conclusion, cortisol, prolactin, and TSH level increased but levels of CRH, endorphin-β, NPY, orexin-A, ghrelin, E 2, and T 4 decreased throughout the training. Moreover, the levels were not different between participants with normal menstruation and those with irregular menstruation. Further research should extend these findings by investigating the exact mechanism by which high exercise levels, including intensive training, interfere with regular menstruation.
AB - The aim of this study was to assess the effects of intensive training on menstrual function and related serum hormones and peptides. Forty female participants who attended a training course for an officer at the Korea Third Military Academy, and had regular menstrual periods were enrolled. Menstrual questionnaires and fasting blood samples were collected before entry and at 4-week intervals for 8 weeks. The levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), cortisol, prolactin, endorphin-β, neuropeptide Y (NPY), leptin, orexin-A, ghrelin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E 2), thyrotropin (TSH), and thyroxine (T 4) were determined. Body mass index and waist circumference decreased during the training course. Intensive training of military cadets resulted in changes of menstruation and related biomarkers. The levels of CRH, endorphin-β, NPY, orexin-A, ghrelin, E 2, and T 4 decreased substantially, and cortisol, prolactin, and TSH increased. Seventy percent of participants with regular menstrual periods before developed irregular during the training course. Participants were then categorized into 2 groups: Those with regular menstruation (n=12) and those with irregular menstruation (n=28). The levels of hormones and peptides were not different between the 2 groups. In conclusion, cortisol, prolactin, and TSH level increased but levels of CRH, endorphin-β, NPY, orexin-A, ghrelin, E 2, and T 4 decreased throughout the training. Moreover, the levels were not different between participants with normal menstruation and those with irregular menstruation. Further research should extend these findings by investigating the exact mechanism by which high exercise levels, including intensive training, interfere with regular menstruation.
KW - exercise
KW - hormone
KW - menstruation
KW - peptide
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85020482420&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/MD.0000000000006876
DO - 10.1097/MD.0000000000006876
M3 - Article
C2 - 28538378
AN - SCOPUS:85020482420
VL - 96
JO - Medicine; analytical reviews of general medicine, neurology, psychiatry, dermatology, and pediatries
JF - Medicine; analytical reviews of general medicine, neurology, psychiatry, dermatology, and pediatries
SN - 0025-7974
IS - 21
M1 - e6876
ER -