Emerging roles of TWIK-1 heterodimerization in the brain

Two-pore domain K⁺ (K2P) channels play essential roles in regulating resting membrane potential and cellular excitability. Although TWIK-1 (TWIK—tandem of pore domains in a weak inward rectifying K⁺ channel) was the first identified member of the K2P channel family, it is only in recent years that the physiological roles of TWIK-1 have been studied in depth. A series of reports suggest that TWIK-1 may underlie diverse functions, such as intrinsic excitability of neurons, astrocytic passive conductance, and astrocytic glutamate release, as a homodimer or heterodimer with other K2P isotypes. Here, we summarize expression patterns and newly identified functions of TWIK-1 in the brain.