TY - JOUR
T1 - Enhanced regeneration of vascularized adipose tissue with dual 3D‐printed elastic polymer/dECM hydrogel complex
AU - Lee, Soojin
AU - Lee, Hyun Su
AU - Chung, Justin J.
AU - Kim, Soo Hyun
AU - Park, Jong Woong
AU - Lee, Kangwon
AU - Jung, Youngmee
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by the KIST Institutional Program (2V08550), a grant of the Basic Science Research Program (2021R1A2C2004634) through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT, and the Technology Innovation Program (Project No. 20008686) funded By the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/3/2
Y1 - 2021/3/2
N2 - A flexible and bioactive scaffold for adipose tissue engineering was fabricated and evaluated by dual nozzle three‐dimensional printing. A highly elastic poly (L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (PLCL) copolymer, which acted as the main scaffolding, and human adipose tissue derived decel-lularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogels were used as the printing inks to form the scaf-folds. To prepare the three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds, the PLCL co‐polymer was printed with a hot melting extruder system while retaining its physical character, similar to adipose tissue, which is beneficial for regeneration. Moreover, to promote adipogenic differentiation and angiogenesis, adipose tissue‐derived dECM was used. To optimize the printability of the hydrogel inks, a mixture of collagen type I and dECM hydrogels was used. Furthermore, we examined the adipose tissue formation and angiogenesis of the PLCL/dECM complex scaffold. From in vivo experiments, it was observed that the matured adipose‐like tissue structures were abundant, and the number of matured capillaries was remarkably higher in the hydrogel–PLCL group than in the PLCL‐only group. Moreover, a higher expression of M2 macrophages, which are known to be involved in the remodeling and regeneration of tissues, was detected in the hydrogel–PLCL group by immunofluores-cence analysis. Based on these results, we suggest that our PLCL/dECM fabricated by a dual 3D printing system will be useful for the treatment of large volume fat tissue regeneration.
AB - A flexible and bioactive scaffold for adipose tissue engineering was fabricated and evaluated by dual nozzle three‐dimensional printing. A highly elastic poly (L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (PLCL) copolymer, which acted as the main scaffolding, and human adipose tissue derived decel-lularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogels were used as the printing inks to form the scaf-folds. To prepare the three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds, the PLCL co‐polymer was printed with a hot melting extruder system while retaining its physical character, similar to adipose tissue, which is beneficial for regeneration. Moreover, to promote adipogenic differentiation and angiogenesis, adipose tissue‐derived dECM was used. To optimize the printability of the hydrogel inks, a mixture of collagen type I and dECM hydrogels was used. Furthermore, we examined the adipose tissue formation and angiogenesis of the PLCL/dECM complex scaffold. From in vivo experiments, it was observed that the matured adipose‐like tissue structures were abundant, and the number of matured capillaries was remarkably higher in the hydrogel–PLCL group than in the PLCL‐only group. Moreover, a higher expression of M2 macrophages, which are known to be involved in the remodeling and regeneration of tissues, was detected in the hydrogel–PLCL group by immunofluores-cence analysis. Based on these results, we suggest that our PLCL/dECM fabricated by a dual 3D printing system will be useful for the treatment of large volume fat tissue regeneration.
KW - 3d printing
KW - Adipose tissue regeneration
KW - Angiogenesis
KW - DECM hydrogel
KW - Decellularization
KW - PLCL
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85102296226&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/ijms22062886
DO - 10.3390/ijms22062886
M3 - Article
C2 - 33809175
AN - SCOPUS:85102296226
VL - 22
SP - 1
EP - 22
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
SN - 1661-6596
IS - 6
M1 - 2886
ER -