TY - JOUR
T1 - Estimation of deep-reservoir temperature of CO2-rich springs in Kangwon district, South Korea
AU - Choi, Hyeon Su
AU - Koh, Yong Kwon
AU - Bae, Dae Seok
AU - Park, Seong Sook
AU - Hutcheon, Ian
AU - Yun, Seong Taek
PY - 2005/3/1
Y1 - 2005/3/1
N2 - Weakly acid to neutral CO2-rich springs (pH=5.5 to 6.7) with high concentrations of dissolved ions (TDS=419 to 3091 mg/L) and bicarbonate (249 to 2470 mg/L) occur in Kangwon district, South Korea. They are grouped into three chemical types: Na-HCO3, Ca-Na-HCO3, and Ca-HCO3. The Na-HCO3 type waters correspond to mature or partially equilibrated waters, while the other two types show the hydrochemical characteristics of immature waters. In this study, we examined the applicability of chemical geothermometers and multiple mineral equilibrium approach to estimate potential deep-reservoir temperatures. The application of silica, Na-K, and Na-K-Ca thermometers to a representative Na-HCO3 type water yielded a reasonable temperature estimate (115-157 °C) for a deep geothermal reservoir. The multiple mineral equilibrium approach yielded a similar temperature estimate (about 140-160 °C). On the other hand, the Ca-HCO3 type waters showed a relatively low and wide range of temperature estimates (about 60-130 °C), which suggests that their disequilibrium state is possibly due to surface water mixing. We believe that deep-reservoir temperatures of CO2-rich groundwaters in Kangwon district can be estimated from the chemistry of Na-HCO3 type waters and possibly approach 140-160 °C.
AB - Weakly acid to neutral CO2-rich springs (pH=5.5 to 6.7) with high concentrations of dissolved ions (TDS=419 to 3091 mg/L) and bicarbonate (249 to 2470 mg/L) occur in Kangwon district, South Korea. They are grouped into three chemical types: Na-HCO3, Ca-Na-HCO3, and Ca-HCO3. The Na-HCO3 type waters correspond to mature or partially equilibrated waters, while the other two types show the hydrochemical characteristics of immature waters. In this study, we examined the applicability of chemical geothermometers and multiple mineral equilibrium approach to estimate potential deep-reservoir temperatures. The application of silica, Na-K, and Na-K-Ca thermometers to a representative Na-HCO3 type water yielded a reasonable temperature estimate (115-157 °C) for a deep geothermal reservoir. The multiple mineral equilibrium approach yielded a similar temperature estimate (about 140-160 °C). On the other hand, the Ca-HCO3 type waters showed a relatively low and wide range of temperature estimates (about 60-130 °C), which suggests that their disequilibrium state is possibly due to surface water mixing. We believe that deep-reservoir temperatures of CO2-rich groundwaters in Kangwon district can be estimated from the chemistry of Na-HCO3 type waters and possibly approach 140-160 °C.
KW - CO-rich springs
KW - Geothermometers
KW - Kangwon district
KW - Korea
KW - Mineral equilibrium
KW - Reservoir temperature
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=13444309101&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=13444309101&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.10.001
DO - 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.10.001
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:13444309101
VL - 141
SP - 77
EP - 89
JO - Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
JF - Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
SN - 0377-0273
IS - 1-2
ER -