Abstract
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a proper technology for studies on close human interactions. It has a wide deployment base, has peer discovery as an inherent feature, does not require infrastructure to operate, and sparingly uses energy that is good for extended monitoring. In this paper, we show that we can use the BLE peer discovery capability on smartphones to monitor massive and dynamic encounters, which would provide valuable insights into many epidemiological or sociological phenomena. However, being designed for more leisurely interactions, BLE needs some stretching in order to be used in large-scale operations. Specifically, the protocol design is not optimal to rapidly discover hundreds of devices in the communication range. Moreover, if the crowd is dynamic, discovery becomes even more time-pressed because encounters should be recorded before churn. In this paper, we propose the changes to BLE to discover hundreds of devices before co-presence expires, and to work continually over typical smartphone recharge intervals. We show that with the proposed changes and configurations, we can accelerate the speed of discovery for massive and dynamic crowds by more than an order of magnitude compared to the case that we naively follow the guidance of the current BLE standard.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Accepted/In press - 2018 Jan 1 |
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Keywords
- adaptation
- BLE
- Bluetooth
- Diseases
- dynamic crowds
- Information technology
- massive mutual discovery
- Monitoring
- Protocols
- scalability
- Smart phones
- speed
- Urban areas
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Software
- Computer Networks and Communications
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Cite this
Extending Bluetooth LE Protocol for Mutual Discovery in Massive and Dynamic Encounters. / Han, Sangrok; Park, Yongtae; Kim, Hyogon.
In: IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 01.01.2018.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Extending Bluetooth LE Protocol for Mutual Discovery in Massive and Dynamic Encounters
AU - Han, Sangrok
AU - Park, Yongtae
AU - Kim, Hyogon
PY - 2018/1/1
Y1 - 2018/1/1
N2 - Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a proper technology for studies on close human interactions. It has a wide deployment base, has peer discovery as an inherent feature, does not require infrastructure to operate, and sparingly uses energy that is good for extended monitoring. In this paper, we show that we can use the BLE peer discovery capability on smartphones to monitor massive and dynamic encounters, which would provide valuable insights into many epidemiological or sociological phenomena. However, being designed for more leisurely interactions, BLE needs some stretching in order to be used in large-scale operations. Specifically, the protocol design is not optimal to rapidly discover hundreds of devices in the communication range. Moreover, if the crowd is dynamic, discovery becomes even more time-pressed because encounters should be recorded before churn. In this paper, we propose the changes to BLE to discover hundreds of devices before co-presence expires, and to work continually over typical smartphone recharge intervals. We show that with the proposed changes and configurations, we can accelerate the speed of discovery for massive and dynamic crowds by more than an order of magnitude compared to the case that we naively follow the guidance of the current BLE standard.
AB - Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a proper technology for studies on close human interactions. It has a wide deployment base, has peer discovery as an inherent feature, does not require infrastructure to operate, and sparingly uses energy that is good for extended monitoring. In this paper, we show that we can use the BLE peer discovery capability on smartphones to monitor massive and dynamic encounters, which would provide valuable insights into many epidemiological or sociological phenomena. However, being designed for more leisurely interactions, BLE needs some stretching in order to be used in large-scale operations. Specifically, the protocol design is not optimal to rapidly discover hundreds of devices in the communication range. Moreover, if the crowd is dynamic, discovery becomes even more time-pressed because encounters should be recorded before churn. In this paper, we propose the changes to BLE to discover hundreds of devices before co-presence expires, and to work continually over typical smartphone recharge intervals. We show that with the proposed changes and configurations, we can accelerate the speed of discovery for massive and dynamic crowds by more than an order of magnitude compared to the case that we naively follow the guidance of the current BLE standard.
KW - adaptation
KW - BLE
KW - Bluetooth
KW - Diseases
KW - dynamic crowds
KW - Information technology
KW - massive mutual discovery
KW - Monitoring
KW - Protocols
KW - scalability
KW - Smart phones
KW - speed
KW - Urban areas
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85054347471&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85054347471&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TMC.2018.2872559
DO - 10.1109/TMC.2018.2872559
M3 - Article
JO - IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
JF - IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
SN - 1536-1233
ER -