TY - JOUR
T1 - Fouling evaluation and mechanisms in a FO-RO hybrid process for direct potable reuse
AU - Choi, Byeong Gyu
AU - Kim, David Inhyuk
AU - Hong, Seungkwan
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by a grant (code 16IFIP-B088091-03 ) from Industrial Facilities & Infrastructure Research Program funded by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Korean government.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier B.V.
Copyright:
Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2016/12/15
Y1 - 2016/12/15
N2 - A forward osmosis (FO) and reverse osmosis (RO) hybrid process was examined for sustainable direct potable reuse (DPR) of wastewater through integration with seawater desalination. Using real wastewater secondary effluent, feasibility of the FO-RO system for DPR was systematically assessed by investigating fouling behavior and its reversibility and evaluating the quality of produced water. Its technical advantages were further verified by the ease of fouling control. The results for the silt density index (SDI) and the modified fouling index (MFI) clearly demonstrated that FO significantly alleviated the potential of subsequent RO membrane fouling, leading to sustainable RO operation for wastewater reuse. Permeate water flux in FO was significantly recovered by physical cleaning. However, biopolymer-like substances was persistently accumulated on the FO membrane surface even after repeated cleaning, suggesting that pretreatment for removal of such substances causing irreversible fouling are required for long-term operation of the FO-RO process. Lastly, the final product water satisfied all 58 components of the quality standards for drinking water in Korea, confirming that the double barrier provided by the FO and RO membranes was adequate for DPR.
AB - A forward osmosis (FO) and reverse osmosis (RO) hybrid process was examined for sustainable direct potable reuse (DPR) of wastewater through integration with seawater desalination. Using real wastewater secondary effluent, feasibility of the FO-RO system for DPR was systematically assessed by investigating fouling behavior and its reversibility and evaluating the quality of produced water. Its technical advantages were further verified by the ease of fouling control. The results for the silt density index (SDI) and the modified fouling index (MFI) clearly demonstrated that FO significantly alleviated the potential of subsequent RO membrane fouling, leading to sustainable RO operation for wastewater reuse. Permeate water flux in FO was significantly recovered by physical cleaning. However, biopolymer-like substances was persistently accumulated on the FO membrane surface even after repeated cleaning, suggesting that pretreatment for removal of such substances causing irreversible fouling are required for long-term operation of the FO-RO process. Lastly, the final product water satisfied all 58 components of the quality standards for drinking water in Korea, confirming that the double barrier provided by the FO and RO membranes was adequate for DPR.
KW - Direct potable reuse (DPR)
KW - FO-RO hybrid process
KW - Fouling potential
KW - Silt density index (SDI)
KW - Wastewater reuse
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U2 - 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.07.035
DO - 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.07.035
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84982683745
SN - 0376-7388
VL - 520
SP - 89
EP - 98
JO - Jornal of Membrane Science
JF - Jornal of Membrane Science
ER -