TY - JOUR
T1 - Fungal mycoflora and mycotoxins in Korean polished rice destined for humans
AU - Je, Won Park
AU - Choi, Sang Youn
AU - Hwang, Han Joon
AU - Kim, Young Bae
N1 - Funding Information:
A special tribute to the late Professor Young-Bae Kim for his significant contributions in the field of mycotoxin research in Korea. We thank Post-doctoral Fellow Program of Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) for supporting the corresponding author's research, and also the Hazardous-substance Research Division in Seoul Branch, the Korea Basic Science Institute for the analysis of trichothecenes (DON and NIV) and confirmation of the presence of OTA and FB 1 in some rice samples by using HPLC/MS.
PY - 2005/9/15
Y1 - 2005/9/15
N2 - Rice samples collected from the Republic of Korea were analyzed for fungal mycoflora and mycotoxins: fumonisins, ochratoxin A, trichothecenes, and zearalenone. The potential of the fungi to produce each mycotoxin was also examined, so that the fungal isolates associated with mycotoxins occurring in rice could be verified. Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus candidus were the most prevalent species infecting the samples, while Fusarium proliferatum was found as the dominant Fusarium species. Ochratoxin A was the most commonly detected mycotoxin analyzed in the present study; moreover, its level in some samples was above the EU tolerable limit (3 ng/g). According to rice culture experiments, it was revealed that in Korea, fumonisins detected in rice were due to F. proliferatum infection, whereas the occurrence of ochratoxin A was caused by Penicillium verrucosum, though there were no symptoms of disease in rice found in any sample. Furthermore, there appears to be an uneven geographical distribution of P. verrucosum as well as ochratoxin A in that most of them are found in the rice samples produced in the northern region of Korea.
AB - Rice samples collected from the Republic of Korea were analyzed for fungal mycoflora and mycotoxins: fumonisins, ochratoxin A, trichothecenes, and zearalenone. The potential of the fungi to produce each mycotoxin was also examined, so that the fungal isolates associated with mycotoxins occurring in rice could be verified. Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus candidus were the most prevalent species infecting the samples, while Fusarium proliferatum was found as the dominant Fusarium species. Ochratoxin A was the most commonly detected mycotoxin analyzed in the present study; moreover, its level in some samples was above the EU tolerable limit (3 ng/g). According to rice culture experiments, it was revealed that in Korea, fumonisins detected in rice were due to F. proliferatum infection, whereas the occurrence of ochratoxin A was caused by Penicillium verrucosum, though there were no symptoms of disease in rice found in any sample. Furthermore, there appears to be an uneven geographical distribution of P. verrucosum as well as ochratoxin A in that most of them are found in the rice samples produced in the northern region of Korea.
KW - Ochratoxin A
KW - P. verrucosum
KW - Polished rice
KW - Republic of Korea
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=23744468291&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.02.001
DO - 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.02.001
M3 - Article
C2 - 16099315
AN - SCOPUS:23744468291
SN - 0168-1605
VL - 103
SP - 305
EP - 314
JO - International Journal of Food Microbiology
JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology
IS - 3
ER -