GaN-based light-emitting diodes by laser lift-off with micro- and nano-sized reflectors

GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were grown on a patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) containing hemispheres on the growth surface. Free-standing LED structures were obtained by removing the PSS using laser lift-off technique. The N-face GaN surface with micron-sized concave hemisphere structures, which had been located between the sapphire and the GaN film, was then exposed and photo-electrochemically etched using a 2M KOH solution to create nano-sized pyramids. Aluminum was deposited on the roughened N-face GaN as a reflective layer. The roughened aluminum reflectors, consisting of micron-sized hemisphere structures and nano-sized pyramids, enhanced the light extraction efficiency through multiple scattering events of photons and randomized the directions of the photons. The subsequent enhancement in electroluminescence was 13 compared with an untextured control LED.