Abstract
Cubic spinel type Zn 1.67 Mn 1.33 O 4 porous sub-micro spheres were synthesized by the calcination of solvothermally prepared Zn x Mn 1 − x CO 3 precursor powders and evaluated as new anode materials for Li-ion batteries for the first time. Each sphere exhibited aggregated morphology, constructed entirely from nanoparticles with a primary particle size of 11 nm. Electrochemical investigations and ex-situ transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that the reaction mechanism of obtained Zn 1.67 Mn 1.33 O 4 nanoaggregates is the combined conversion and alloying reaction, similar to that of ZnMn 2 O 4 systems. In favor of the uniform porous sphere structure, these resulting Zn 1.67 Mn 1.33 O 4 nanoaggregates enabled the mitigation of volume change upon cycling. In addition, graphene composites with Zn 1.67 Mn 1.33 O 4 nanoaggregates were fabricated to improve electrical conductivity, simply by adding graphenes during solvothermal reaction for the formation of Zn x Mn 1 − x CO 3 precursors. Zn 1.67 Mn 1.33 O 4 /graphene composites showed a capacity of 670 mA h g −1 higher than that of pure Zn 1.67 Mn 1.33 O 4 (518 mA h g −1 ) after 200 cycle at a current density of 100 mA g −1 .
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1735-1746 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | International Journal of Energy Research |
Volume | 43 |
Issue number | 5 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2019 Apr |
Keywords
- Zn Mn O /graphene
- cubic spinel structure anode
- lithium-ion batteries
- nanoaggregates
- transition metal oxide
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
- Nuclear Energy and Engineering
- Fuel Technology
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology