High heat-flux accelerator targets: Cooling with liquid metal jet impingement

I. Silverman; A. L. Yarin; S. N. Reznik; A. Arenshtam; D. Kijet; A. Nagler

doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.02.038

High heat-flux accelerator targets: Cooling with liquid metal jet impingement

I. Silverman, A. L. Yarin, S. N. Reznik, A. Arenshtam, D. Kijet, A. Nagler

College of Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

42 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

In order to evaluate the performance of jet impingement for high heat-flux cooling, experimental cooling loops based on water and liquid metal jet impingement were designed and constructed. The current liquid metal system, based on an eutectic alloy of gallium and indium (GaIn) with a melting point of 15.7 °C, employs an annular inductive electromagnetic pump. The experiments showed that it is capable of accommodating a heat flux of about 20 MW/m² over an area of 10^-4 m². The jet velocity is less than 4 m/s and the required differential pressure from the pump is less than 10⁵ Pa. In the present work the experimental section is supplemented by a theoretical one in which the cooling capability of impinging jets of liquid metal is modeled. In particular, turbulent flow in a dead end associated with the rear surface of a high-temperature target, and the corresponding heat-transfer process, are considered. The developed novel analytical model embodies the main peculiarities of the heat-transfer process and agrees fairly well with the experimental data. In addition, a detailed direct numerical simulation was done with the STAR-CD code. The gross underprediction of the turbulent heat transfer rate by the STAR-CD code is attributed to overprediction of the eddy viscosity in liquid metal flows.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2782-2792
Number of pages	11
Journal	International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
Volume	49
Issue number	17-18
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.02.038
Publication status	Published - 2006 Aug

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Condensed Matter Physics
Mechanical Engineering
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes

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10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.02.038

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title = "High heat-flux accelerator targets: Cooling with liquid metal jet impingement",

abstract = "In order to evaluate the performance of jet impingement for high heat-flux cooling, experimental cooling loops based on water and liquid metal jet impingement were designed and constructed. The current liquid metal system, based on an eutectic alloy of gallium and indium (GaIn) with a melting point of 15.7 °C, employs an annular inductive electromagnetic pump. The experiments showed that it is capable of accommodating a heat flux of about 20 MW/m2 over an area of 10-4 m2. The jet velocity is less than 4 m/s and the required differential pressure from the pump is less than 105 Pa. In the present work the experimental section is supplemented by a theoretical one in which the cooling capability of impinging jets of liquid metal is modeled. In particular, turbulent flow in a dead end associated with the rear surface of a high-temperature target, and the corresponding heat-transfer process, are considered. The developed novel analytical model embodies the main peculiarities of the heat-transfer process and agrees fairly well with the experimental data. In addition, a detailed direct numerical simulation was done with the STAR-CD code. The gross underprediction of the turbulent heat transfer rate by the STAR-CD code is attributed to overprediction of the eddy viscosity in liquid metal flows.",

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AU - Kijet, D.

AU - Nagler, A.

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AB - In order to evaluate the performance of jet impingement for high heat-flux cooling, experimental cooling loops based on water and liquid metal jet impingement were designed and constructed. The current liquid metal system, based on an eutectic alloy of gallium and indium (GaIn) with a melting point of 15.7 °C, employs an annular inductive electromagnetic pump. The experiments showed that it is capable of accommodating a heat flux of about 20 MW/m2 over an area of 10-4 m2. The jet velocity is less than 4 m/s and the required differential pressure from the pump is less than 105 Pa. In the present work the experimental section is supplemented by a theoretical one in which the cooling capability of impinging jets of liquid metal is modeled. In particular, turbulent flow in a dead end associated with the rear surface of a high-temperature target, and the corresponding heat-transfer process, are considered. The developed novel analytical model embodies the main peculiarities of the heat-transfer process and agrees fairly well with the experimental data. In addition, a detailed direct numerical simulation was done with the STAR-CD code. The gross underprediction of the turbulent heat transfer rate by the STAR-CD code is attributed to overprediction of the eddy viscosity in liquid metal flows.

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High heat-flux accelerator targets: Cooling with liquid metal jet impingement

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