TY - JOUR
T1 - Identification of macrophage genes responsive to extracellular acidification
AU - Park, Seung Yoon
AU - Kim, In San
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments This study was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (2010-0021626, 2011-0016102); by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (2010-0029206); by the Converging Research Center Program through the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (2010K001054); and by the Brain Korea 21 Project.
PY - 2013/4
Y1 - 2013/4
N2 - Objective: A low pH microenvironment is a characteristic feature of inflammation loci and affects the functions of immune cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of extracellular acidification on macrophage gene expression. Methods: RAW264.7 macrophages were incubated in neutral (pH 7.4) or acidic (pH 6.8) medium for 4 h. Global mRNA expression levels were determined using Affymetrix genechips. Results: The mRNA expressions of 353 macrophage genes were significantly modified after incubation in acidic medium; 193 were up-regulated and 160 down-regulated. Differentially regulated genes were grouped into 13 classes based on the functions of the corresponding protein products. Pathway analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes are enriched in pathways related to inflammation and immune responses. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed that the expressions of CXCL10, CXCL14, IL-18, IL-4RA, ABCA1, CCL4, IL-7R, CXCR4, TLR7, and CCL3 mRNAs were regulated by extracellular acidification. Conclusion: The results of this study provide insights into the effects of acidic extracellular environments on macrophage gene expression.
AB - Objective: A low pH microenvironment is a characteristic feature of inflammation loci and affects the functions of immune cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of extracellular acidification on macrophage gene expression. Methods: RAW264.7 macrophages were incubated in neutral (pH 7.4) or acidic (pH 6.8) medium for 4 h. Global mRNA expression levels were determined using Affymetrix genechips. Results: The mRNA expressions of 353 macrophage genes were significantly modified after incubation in acidic medium; 193 were up-regulated and 160 down-regulated. Differentially regulated genes were grouped into 13 classes based on the functions of the corresponding protein products. Pathway analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes are enriched in pathways related to inflammation and immune responses. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed that the expressions of CXCL10, CXCL14, IL-18, IL-4RA, ABCA1, CCL4, IL-7R, CXCR4, TLR7, and CCL3 mRNAs were regulated by extracellular acidification. Conclusion: The results of this study provide insights into the effects of acidic extracellular environments on macrophage gene expression.
KW - Extracellular acidification
KW - Gene expression
KW - Macrophages
KW - Microarray
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U2 - 10.1007/s00011-013-0591-6
DO - 10.1007/s00011-013-0591-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 23417272
AN - SCOPUS:84876694486
VL - 62
SP - 399
EP - 406
JO - Inflammation Research
JF - Inflammation Research
SN - 1023-3830
IS - 4
ER -