TY - JOUR
T1 - Identification of refined petroleum products in contaminated soils using an identification index for GC chromatograms
AU - Kwon, Dongwook
AU - Ko, Myoung Soo
AU - Yang, Jung Seok
AU - Kwon, Man Jae
AU - Lee, Seung Woo
AU - Lee, Seunghak
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial support for this study was provided by the Geo-Advanced Innovative Action (GAIA) Project (no. 2013000540002) of the Ministry of Environment, Korea.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
PY - 2015/8/27
Y1 - 2015/8/27
N2 - Hydrocarbons found in the environment are typically characterized by gas chromatography (GC). The shape of the GC chromatogram has been used to identify the source of petroleum contamination. However, the conventional practice of simply comparing the peak patterns of source products to those of environmental samples is dependent on the subjective decisions of individual analysts. We have developed and verified a quantitative analytical method for interpreting GC chromatograms to distinguish refined petroleum products in contaminated soils. We found that chromatograms for gasoline, kerosene, and diesel could be divided into three ranges with boundaries at C6, C8, C16, and C26. In addition, the relative peak area (RPAGC) of each range, a dimensionless ratio of the peak area within each range to that of the total range (C6–C26), had a unique value for each petroleum product. An identification index for GC chromatograms (IDGC), defined as the ratio of RPAGC of C8–C16 to that of C16–C26, was able to identify diesel and kerosene sources in samples extracted from artificially contaminated soils even after weathering. Thus, the IDGC can be used to effectively distinguish between refined petroleum products in contaminated soils.
AB - Hydrocarbons found in the environment are typically characterized by gas chromatography (GC). The shape of the GC chromatogram has been used to identify the source of petroleum contamination. However, the conventional practice of simply comparing the peak patterns of source products to those of environmental samples is dependent on the subjective decisions of individual analysts. We have developed and verified a quantitative analytical method for interpreting GC chromatograms to distinguish refined petroleum products in contaminated soils. We found that chromatograms for gasoline, kerosene, and diesel could be divided into three ranges with boundaries at C6, C8, C16, and C26. In addition, the relative peak area (RPAGC) of each range, a dimensionless ratio of the peak area within each range to that of the total range (C6–C26), had a unique value for each petroleum product. An identification index for GC chromatograms (IDGC), defined as the ratio of RPAGC of C8–C16 to that of C16–C26, was able to identify diesel and kerosene sources in samples extracted from artificially contaminated soils even after weathering. Thus, the IDGC can be used to effectively distinguish between refined petroleum products in contaminated soils.
KW - Environmental forensics
KW - Gas chromatography
KW - Petroleum
KW - Soil contamination
KW - Source identification
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84937972018&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11356-015-4465-z
DO - 10.1007/s11356-015-4465-z
M3 - Article
C2 - 25874431
AN - SCOPUS:84937972018
VL - 22
SP - 12029
EP - 12034
JO - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
JF - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
SN - 0944-1344
IS - 16
ER -