Abstract
Fresh ginseng was fermented with Ganoderma lucidum mycelium (GL) in solid-state culture to enhance its immunomodulatory activity. When crude polysaccharide (FG-GL-CP) was fractionated from lyophilized fermented ginseng (FG-GL), FG-GL-CP showed significantly higher mitogenic, macrophage stimulating, and intestinal immune system modulating activity (1.52-, 1.52- and 1.46-fold, respectively) than those of crude polysaccharide from nonfermented ginseng (NG-CP, 1.36-, 1.37- and 1.32-fold) and G. lucidum mycelium alone (GL-CP, 1.48-, 1.40- and 1.31-fold). After FG-GL-CP was further fractionated into two active carbohydrate-rich fractions (FG-GL-CP-II and III) on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B (Cl- form), the most active polysaccharide (FG-GL-CP-III-1) was purified as a single peak with a molecular weight of 71 kDa. FG-GL-CP-III-1 mainly consists of Ara, Man, Gal, and Glc (molar ratio: 0.85:1.00:0.81:0.76) in addition to a small amount of uronic acid. Methylation analysis indicates that FG-GL-CP-III-1 is composed mainly of terminal/4- or 5-linked Araf, terminal/4-linked Man, terminal/3,6-branched Gal, and terminal/4-linked Glc. NaIO4 oxidation of FG-GL-CP-III significantly decreased its activity (64.0-79.2%). These results suggest that solid-state culture of ginseng with G. lucidum may enhance the immunomodulatory activity and that neutral polysaccharides containing Ara, Man, Gal, and Glc may be important for the activity of fermented ginseng.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 150-160 |
| Number of pages | 11 |
| Journal | Journal of Medicinal Food |
| Volume | 17 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2014 Jan 1 |
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Keywords
- Fermented ginseng
- Ganoderma lucidum
- Immunomodulating activity
- Polysaccharide
- Solid-state culture
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Medicine (miscellaneous)
- Nutrition and Dietetics
Cite this
Immunological activity of ginseng is enhanced by solid-state culture with ganoderma lucidum mycelium. / Kim, Hoon; Suh, Hyung Joo; Kang, Choong Min; Lee, Kyung Haeng; Hwang, Jong Hyun; Yu, Kwang Won.
In: Journal of Medicinal Food, Vol. 17, No. 1, 01.01.2014, p. 150-160.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Immunological activity of ginseng is enhanced by solid-state culture with ganoderma lucidum mycelium
AU - Kim, Hoon
AU - Suh, Hyung Joo
AU - Kang, Choong Min
AU - Lee, Kyung Haeng
AU - Hwang, Jong Hyun
AU - Yu, Kwang Won
PY - 2014/1/1
Y1 - 2014/1/1
N2 - Fresh ginseng was fermented with Ganoderma lucidum mycelium (GL) in solid-state culture to enhance its immunomodulatory activity. When crude polysaccharide (FG-GL-CP) was fractionated from lyophilized fermented ginseng (FG-GL), FG-GL-CP showed significantly higher mitogenic, macrophage stimulating, and intestinal immune system modulating activity (1.52-, 1.52- and 1.46-fold, respectively) than those of crude polysaccharide from nonfermented ginseng (NG-CP, 1.36-, 1.37- and 1.32-fold) and G. lucidum mycelium alone (GL-CP, 1.48-, 1.40- and 1.31-fold). After FG-GL-CP was further fractionated into two active carbohydrate-rich fractions (FG-GL-CP-II and III) on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B (Cl- form), the most active polysaccharide (FG-GL-CP-III-1) was purified as a single peak with a molecular weight of 71 kDa. FG-GL-CP-III-1 mainly consists of Ara, Man, Gal, and Glc (molar ratio: 0.85:1.00:0.81:0.76) in addition to a small amount of uronic acid. Methylation analysis indicates that FG-GL-CP-III-1 is composed mainly of terminal/4- or 5-linked Araf, terminal/4-linked Man, terminal/3,6-branched Gal, and terminal/4-linked Glc. NaIO4 oxidation of FG-GL-CP-III significantly decreased its activity (64.0-79.2%). These results suggest that solid-state culture of ginseng with G. lucidum may enhance the immunomodulatory activity and that neutral polysaccharides containing Ara, Man, Gal, and Glc may be important for the activity of fermented ginseng.
AB - Fresh ginseng was fermented with Ganoderma lucidum mycelium (GL) in solid-state culture to enhance its immunomodulatory activity. When crude polysaccharide (FG-GL-CP) was fractionated from lyophilized fermented ginseng (FG-GL), FG-GL-CP showed significantly higher mitogenic, macrophage stimulating, and intestinal immune system modulating activity (1.52-, 1.52- and 1.46-fold, respectively) than those of crude polysaccharide from nonfermented ginseng (NG-CP, 1.36-, 1.37- and 1.32-fold) and G. lucidum mycelium alone (GL-CP, 1.48-, 1.40- and 1.31-fold). After FG-GL-CP was further fractionated into two active carbohydrate-rich fractions (FG-GL-CP-II and III) on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B (Cl- form), the most active polysaccharide (FG-GL-CP-III-1) was purified as a single peak with a molecular weight of 71 kDa. FG-GL-CP-III-1 mainly consists of Ara, Man, Gal, and Glc (molar ratio: 0.85:1.00:0.81:0.76) in addition to a small amount of uronic acid. Methylation analysis indicates that FG-GL-CP-III-1 is composed mainly of terminal/4- or 5-linked Araf, terminal/4-linked Man, terminal/3,6-branched Gal, and terminal/4-linked Glc. NaIO4 oxidation of FG-GL-CP-III significantly decreased its activity (64.0-79.2%). These results suggest that solid-state culture of ginseng with G. lucidum may enhance the immunomodulatory activity and that neutral polysaccharides containing Ara, Man, Gal, and Glc may be important for the activity of fermented ginseng.
KW - Fermented ginseng
KW - Ganoderma lucidum
KW - Immunomodulating activity
KW - Polysaccharide
KW - Solid-state culture
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84893143750&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84893143750&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1089/jmf.2013.3063
DO - 10.1089/jmf.2013.3063
M3 - Article
C2 - 24456366
AN - SCOPUS:84893143750
VL - 17
SP - 150
EP - 160
JO - Journal of Medicinal Food
JF - Journal of Medicinal Food
SN - 1096-620X
IS - 1
ER -