Improving the strength and biocompatibility of porous titanium scaffolds by creating elongated pores coated with a bioactive, nanoporous TiO₂ layer

This paper reports a novel way of improving the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of porous Ti scaffolds using a combination of the modified sponge replication method and anodization process. The use of a stretched polymeric sponge as a novel template allowed the creation of elongated pores in a porous Ti scaffold, which, accordingly, led to a high compressive strength of 24.2 ± 2.08 MPa at a porosity of approximately 70 vol%. Furthermore, the surfaces of the Ti walls were coated successfully with a bioactive nanoporous TiO₂ layer using the anodization process, which enhanced the biocompatibility remarkably, as assessed by the attachment of MC3T3-E1 cells.