TY - JOUR
T1 - Lipase-catalysed enrichment of γ-linolenic acid from evening primrose oil in a solvent-free system
AU - Baeza-Jiménez, Ramiro
AU - No, Da Som
AU - Otero, Christina
AU - García, Hugo S.
AU - Lee, Jeom Sig
AU - Kim, In Hwan
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments This research was supported by the Rural Development Administration (Korea, project number PJ009247) and CSIC (Spain) for the JAE pre-doctoral fellowship to author Baeza.
PY - 2014/7
Y1 - 2014/7
N2 - The enrichment of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) was carried out in a solvent-free system by lipase-catalysed esterification of free fatty acids from evening primrose oil (EPO-FA) and 1-butanol (BtOH). The lipase employed to conduct this study was a free preparation of Candida rugosa. Variables evaluated were: substrate molar ratio (1:4, 1:6, 1:8, 1:10 and 1:12, EPO-FA:BtOH), temperature (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C), and enzyme loading (5, 10, 15 and 20 %, based on the total weight of substrates). GLA was highly enriched in the non-esterified fatty acid fraction since C. rugosa showed very low selectivity for this fatty acid. We were able to increase the content of GLA to ca. 70 wt.% under the following optimal conditions: 30 °C, 10 % enzyme loading and a 1:10 molar ratio (EPO-FA:BtOH), after 24 h. An additional set of experiments was conducted whereby the amount of water was controlled by addition of molecular sieves to the reaction mixture. The latter experiments produced a higher GLA concentrate (83.74 wt.%), under the optimal conditions described above and by adding 10 % molecular sieves (based on the total weight of substrates) after 36 h.
AB - The enrichment of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) was carried out in a solvent-free system by lipase-catalysed esterification of free fatty acids from evening primrose oil (EPO-FA) and 1-butanol (BtOH). The lipase employed to conduct this study was a free preparation of Candida rugosa. Variables evaluated were: substrate molar ratio (1:4, 1:6, 1:8, 1:10 and 1:12, EPO-FA:BtOH), temperature (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C), and enzyme loading (5, 10, 15 and 20 %, based on the total weight of substrates). GLA was highly enriched in the non-esterified fatty acid fraction since C. rugosa showed very low selectivity for this fatty acid. We were able to increase the content of GLA to ca. 70 wt.% under the following optimal conditions: 30 °C, 10 % enzyme loading and a 1:10 molar ratio (EPO-FA:BtOH), after 24 h. An additional set of experiments was conducted whereby the amount of water was controlled by addition of molecular sieves to the reaction mixture. The latter experiments produced a higher GLA concentrate (83.74 wt.%), under the optimal conditions described above and by adding 10 % molecular sieves (based on the total weight of substrates) after 36 h.
KW - 1-Butanol
KW - Candida rugosa lipase
KW - Enrichment
KW - Esterification
KW - Evening primrose oil
KW - γ-Linolenic acid (GLA)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84903769988&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11746-014-2463-9
DO - 10.1007/s11746-014-2463-9
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84903769988
SN - 0095-9502
VL - 91
SP - 1147
EP - 1153
JO - Oil & Soap
JF - Oil & Soap
IS - 7
ER -