TY - JOUR
T1 - Magnetic evaluation of sediment provenance in the northern east china sea using fuzzy c-means cluster analysis
AU - Kim, Wonnyon
AU - Doh, Seong Jae
AU - Yu, Yongjae
AU - Lee, Yong Il
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by a Korean University Grant and by the Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology ( PM57090 ). The authors thank J. Oh and J. Shin for their assistance in sample preparation and magnetic measurements. This manuscript was greatly improved by constructive comments and suggestions by Dr. M.J. Dekkers and an anonymous reviewer, as well as by the journal Editor, Prof. G.J. De Lange.
PY - 2013/3/1
Y1 - 2013/3/1
N2 - To identify the provenance of fine-grained sediments in the northern East China Sea, various magnetic parameters indicating concentration (magnetic susceptibility, susceptibility of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (χARM), and saturation of isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM)), mineral composition (S300=-IRM-300mT/SIRM and HIRM (%)=50 (SIRM-IRM300mT)/SIRM), and grain size (frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility (χFD), χARM/SIRM, and S20=IRM20mT/SIRM) were measured from surface sediments collected at 98 regularly spaced sites. As an unbiased analytic tool, fuzzy clustering analysis was performed on data from 97 sites except an outlier. Each dataset for each site comprised magnetic parameters representing ultrafine superparamagnetic (χFD), fine single-domain or pseudo-single-domain (χARM/SIRM), and coarse multidomain (S20) fractions, and the relative dominance of low- and high-coercivity minerals (S300 and HIRM (%), respectively). The statistical analysis yielded four clusters, indicating that the sediments in the study area can be differentiated magnetically. Of the magnetic properties of the cluster centers, the most distinctive feature of cluster 1 is a predominance of coarse-grained magnetic minerals (highest S20 value), while the contribution of high-coercivity minerals is highest in cluster 2 (highest HIRM (%) value). Ultrafine- and fine-grained fractions are prominent in cluster 3 (highest χFD and χARM/SIRM values), while cluster 4 has the highest ratio of low- to high-coercivity minerals (highest S300 value). Related to sediment provenance, the sediments of cluster 1 are interpreted to have been derived from the Yangtze River in China. The old Yellow River deposits are the primary source of sediments in cluster 2. Sediments in cluster 3 were probably transported from Taiwan or the Northwest Pacific by the Taiwan Warm Current or the Kuroshio Current, respectively, while Korean river deposits are the most probable sources of sediments in cluster 4.
AB - To identify the provenance of fine-grained sediments in the northern East China Sea, various magnetic parameters indicating concentration (magnetic susceptibility, susceptibility of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (χARM), and saturation of isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM)), mineral composition (S300=-IRM-300mT/SIRM and HIRM (%)=50 (SIRM-IRM300mT)/SIRM), and grain size (frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility (χFD), χARM/SIRM, and S20=IRM20mT/SIRM) were measured from surface sediments collected at 98 regularly spaced sites. As an unbiased analytic tool, fuzzy clustering analysis was performed on data from 97 sites except an outlier. Each dataset for each site comprised magnetic parameters representing ultrafine superparamagnetic (χFD), fine single-domain or pseudo-single-domain (χARM/SIRM), and coarse multidomain (S20) fractions, and the relative dominance of low- and high-coercivity minerals (S300 and HIRM (%), respectively). The statistical analysis yielded four clusters, indicating that the sediments in the study area can be differentiated magnetically. Of the magnetic properties of the cluster centers, the most distinctive feature of cluster 1 is a predominance of coarse-grained magnetic minerals (highest S20 value), while the contribution of high-coercivity minerals is highest in cluster 2 (highest HIRM (%) value). Ultrafine- and fine-grained fractions are prominent in cluster 3 (highest χFD and χARM/SIRM values), while cluster 4 has the highest ratio of low- to high-coercivity minerals (highest S300 value). Related to sediment provenance, the sediments of cluster 1 are interpreted to have been derived from the Yangtze River in China. The old Yellow River deposits are the primary source of sediments in cluster 2. Sediments in cluster 3 were probably transported from Taiwan or the Northwest Pacific by the Taiwan Warm Current or the Kuroshio Current, respectively, while Korean river deposits are the most probable sources of sediments in cluster 4.
KW - East China Sea
KW - Fuzzy cluster
KW - Magnetic properties
KW - Sediment provenance
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84877676238&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.margeo.2013.01.001
DO - 10.1016/j.margeo.2013.01.001
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84877676238
SN - 0025-3227
VL - 337
SP - 9
EP - 19
JO - Marine Geology
JF - Marine Geology
ER -