TY - JOUR
T1 - Materials design of sodium chloride solid electrolytes Na3MCl6for all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries
AU - Park, Dongsu
AU - Kim, Kwangnam
AU - Chun, Gin Hyung
AU - Wood, Brandon C.
AU - Shim, Joon Hyung
AU - Yu, Seungho
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Technology Development Program to Solve Climate Changes of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science & ICT of Korea (2017M1A2A2044482); by the Development Program of Core Industrial Technology funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy of Korea (No. 20012318); and by the institutional program of the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (Project No. 2E30992). The work by K. K. and B. W. was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract Number DE-AC52-07NA27344. B. W. acknowledges additional support from the Vehicle Technologies Office, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021.
PY - 2021/10/28
Y1 - 2021/10/28
N2 - All-solid-state sodium-ion batteries have attracted increasing attention owing to the low cost of sodium and the enhanced safety compared to conventional Li-ion batteries. Recently, halides have been considered as promising solid electrolytes (SEs) due to their favorable combination of high ionic conductivity and chemical stability against high-voltage cathode materials. Although a wide variety of lithium chloride SEs, Li3MCl6, have been developed for high-voltage all-solid-state batteries, only a limited number of sodium chloride SEs have been reported. This study aims to offer a material design insight for the development of sodium chloride SEs through systematic assessment of the phase stability, electrochemical stability, and transport properties of novel Na3MCl6SEs. Structural calculations indicate that Na3MCl6exhibits trigonalP3̄1c, monoclinicP21/n, and trigonalR3̄ phases, and the stable phase of Na3MCl6is dependent on the type and ionic radius of M. Na3MCl6typically exhibits a high oxidation potential, demonstrating good electrochemical stability against cathodes. The bond-valence site energy andab initiomolecular dynamics calculations revealed that Na3MCl6withP21/nandR3̄ phases showed low ionic conductivity, while theP3̄1c phase slightly improved the ionic conductivity of Na3MCl6. The formation of Na vacancies by aliovalent substitution considerably increased the ionic conductivity up to four orders of magnitude for pristine Na3MCl6, exhibiting ∼10−5S cm−1for trigonalP3̄1c andR3̄ phases. The formation of defects could further enhance the ionic conductivity of Na3MCl6, and the optimization of defect type and ratio can be helpful in developing superionic Na chloride SEs. The material design of Na3MCl6in this study will provide fundamental guidelines for the development of novel sodium halide SEs for all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries.
AB - All-solid-state sodium-ion batteries have attracted increasing attention owing to the low cost of sodium and the enhanced safety compared to conventional Li-ion batteries. Recently, halides have been considered as promising solid electrolytes (SEs) due to their favorable combination of high ionic conductivity and chemical stability against high-voltage cathode materials. Although a wide variety of lithium chloride SEs, Li3MCl6, have been developed for high-voltage all-solid-state batteries, only a limited number of sodium chloride SEs have been reported. This study aims to offer a material design insight for the development of sodium chloride SEs through systematic assessment of the phase stability, electrochemical stability, and transport properties of novel Na3MCl6SEs. Structural calculations indicate that Na3MCl6exhibits trigonalP3̄1c, monoclinicP21/n, and trigonalR3̄ phases, and the stable phase of Na3MCl6is dependent on the type and ionic radius of M. Na3MCl6typically exhibits a high oxidation potential, demonstrating good electrochemical stability against cathodes. The bond-valence site energy andab initiomolecular dynamics calculations revealed that Na3MCl6withP21/nandR3̄ phases showed low ionic conductivity, while theP3̄1c phase slightly improved the ionic conductivity of Na3MCl6. The formation of Na vacancies by aliovalent substitution considerably increased the ionic conductivity up to four orders of magnitude for pristine Na3MCl6, exhibiting ∼10−5S cm−1for trigonalP3̄1c andR3̄ phases. The formation of defects could further enhance the ionic conductivity of Na3MCl6, and the optimization of defect type and ratio can be helpful in developing superionic Na chloride SEs. The material design of Na3MCl6in this study will provide fundamental guidelines for the development of novel sodium halide SEs for all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85117491438&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1039/d1ta07050a
DO - 10.1039/d1ta07050a
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85117491438
VL - 9
SP - 23037
EP - 23045
JO - Journal of Materials Chemistry A
JF - Journal of Materials Chemistry A
SN - 2050-7488
IS - 40
ER -