Engineering & Materials Science
Reverse osmosis
100%
Desalination
89%
Cost reduction
78%
Membranes
64%
Energy efficiency
60%
Osmosis
58%
Osmosis membranes
29%
Distillation
19%
Recovery
12%
Chemical potential
9%
Energy utilization
9%
Graphene
7%
Research laboratories
7%
Pilot plants
7%
Water
6%
Carbon nanotubes
6%
Hot Temperature
6%
Fluxes
5%
Earth & Environmental Sciences
cost reduction
95%
desalination
81%
reverse osmosis
79%
energy efficiency
78%
membrane
52%
osmosis
47%
distillation
20%
energy consumption
11%
water cost
8%
carbon nanotube
7%
energy recovery
7%
heat source
7%
laboratory research
7%
pilot plant
6%
new technology
5%
solute
5%