TY - JOUR
T1 - Modular interdependency analysis for water distribution systems
AU - Diao, Kegong
AU - Jung, Donghwi
AU - Farmani, Raziyeh
AU - Fu, Guangtao
AU - Butler, David
AU - Lansey, Kevin
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2021R1A5A1032433). Another support was available from a Royal Academy of Engineering Industrial Fellowship to resource R. Farmani's involvement. We would also like to appreciate the reviewers for their insightful reviews.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2021R1A5A1032433 ). Another support was available from a Royal Academy of Engineering Industrial Fellowship to resource R. Farmani's involvement. We would also like to appreciate the reviewers for their insightful reviews.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021
PY - 2021/8/1
Y1 - 2021/8/1
N2 - Complexity in water distribution systems (WDSs) poses a challenge for analysis and management of the systems. To reduce the complexity, the recent development of complex network science provides a system decomposition technique that converts a complex WDS with a large number of components into a simple system with a set of interconnected modules. Each module is a subsystem with stronger internal connections than external connections. Thus far, the topological features of the modular structure in WDS have been extensively studied but not the behavioural features, e.g. the hydraulic interdependencies among modules. Therefore, this paper aims to quantitatively measure and graphically visualize the module interdependency in WDSs, which helps understanding the behavioural complexity of WDSs and thus various WDS analyses, such as pipe maintenance, model calibration, rehabilitation, and District Metered Areas planning. Specifically, this study first identifies the WDS's modular structure then measures how changes in the state of one module (i.e. any single pipe failure or perturbed demand within each module) affect the state of another module. Modular interdependencies are summarized in an interdependency matrix and visualized by the digraph. Four real-world systems are analysed, and three of them shows low interdependencies among most of the modules and there are only a few critical modules whose status changes will substantially affect a number of other modules. Hence, highly interconnected topologies may not result in strong and complex module interdependency, which is a fact that simplifies several WDS analysis for practical applications as discussed in this paper.
AB - Complexity in water distribution systems (WDSs) poses a challenge for analysis and management of the systems. To reduce the complexity, the recent development of complex network science provides a system decomposition technique that converts a complex WDS with a large number of components into a simple system with a set of interconnected modules. Each module is a subsystem with stronger internal connections than external connections. Thus far, the topological features of the modular structure in WDS have been extensively studied but not the behavioural features, e.g. the hydraulic interdependencies among modules. Therefore, this paper aims to quantitatively measure and graphically visualize the module interdependency in WDSs, which helps understanding the behavioural complexity of WDSs and thus various WDS analyses, such as pipe maintenance, model calibration, rehabilitation, and District Metered Areas planning. Specifically, this study first identifies the WDS's modular structure then measures how changes in the state of one module (i.e. any single pipe failure or perturbed demand within each module) affect the state of another module. Modular interdependencies are summarized in an interdependency matrix and visualized by the digraph. Four real-world systems are analysed, and three of them shows low interdependencies among most of the modules and there are only a few critical modules whose status changes will substantially affect a number of other modules. Hence, highly interconnected topologies may not result in strong and complex module interdependency, which is a fact that simplifies several WDS analysis for practical applications as discussed in this paper.
KW - Digraph
KW - Interdependency matrix
KW - Modular structure
KW - Modularity
KW - Water distribution system
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85108300482&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117320
DO - 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117320
M3 - Article
C2 - 34139513
AN - SCOPUS:85108300482
VL - 201
JO - Water Research
JF - Water Research
SN - 0043-1354
M1 - 117320
ER -