Abstract
Among the various upconversion (UC) materials, sodium yttrium fluoride doped with ytterbium and erbium (NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+) is the most widely studied owing to its high UC efficiency. Nonetheless, UC mechanisms are not yet fully understood and, in particular, near-infrared-to-red UC mechanisms are still under debate. Herein, we examine UC mechanisms in Er3+-based UC materials. Most importantly, the 4F3/2 and 4F5/2 states of Er3+ were found to be important intermediate states for strong red emission, for the first time. The cross relaxation between the Er3+ ions, back energy transfer from Er3+ to Yb3+, and relative doping concentrations of Er3+ and Yb3+ in NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ were found to play important roles in the relative intensity between red and green emissions. The proposed UC mechanism will provide design principles for various Er3+-based UC materials.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 24026-24033 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics |
| Volume | 21 |
| Issue number | 43 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2019 Jan 1 |
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ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physics and Astronomy(all)
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Cite this
Origin of strong red emission in Er3+-based upconversion materials : role of intermediate states and cross relaxation. / Lee, Chiho; Park, Heeyeon; Kim, Woong; Park, Sungnam.
In: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 21, No. 43, 01.01.2019, p. 24026-24033.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Origin of strong red emission in Er3+-based upconversion materials
T2 - role of intermediate states and cross relaxation
AU - Lee, Chiho
AU - Park, Heeyeon
AU - Kim, Woong
AU - Park, Sungnam
PY - 2019/1/1
Y1 - 2019/1/1
N2 - Among the various upconversion (UC) materials, sodium yttrium fluoride doped with ytterbium and erbium (NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+) is the most widely studied owing to its high UC efficiency. Nonetheless, UC mechanisms are not yet fully understood and, in particular, near-infrared-to-red UC mechanisms are still under debate. Herein, we examine UC mechanisms in Er3+-based UC materials. Most importantly, the 4F3/2 and 4F5/2 states of Er3+ were found to be important intermediate states for strong red emission, for the first time. The cross relaxation between the Er3+ ions, back energy transfer from Er3+ to Yb3+, and relative doping concentrations of Er3+ and Yb3+ in NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ were found to play important roles in the relative intensity between red and green emissions. The proposed UC mechanism will provide design principles for various Er3+-based UC materials.
AB - Among the various upconversion (UC) materials, sodium yttrium fluoride doped with ytterbium and erbium (NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+) is the most widely studied owing to its high UC efficiency. Nonetheless, UC mechanisms are not yet fully understood and, in particular, near-infrared-to-red UC mechanisms are still under debate. Herein, we examine UC mechanisms in Er3+-based UC materials. Most importantly, the 4F3/2 and 4F5/2 states of Er3+ were found to be important intermediate states for strong red emission, for the first time. The cross relaxation between the Er3+ ions, back energy transfer from Er3+ to Yb3+, and relative doping concentrations of Er3+ and Yb3+ in NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ were found to play important roles in the relative intensity between red and green emissions. The proposed UC mechanism will provide design principles for various Er3+-based UC materials.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85074676263&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85074676263&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1039/c9cp04692e
DO - 10.1039/c9cp04692e
M3 - Article
C2 - 31646311
AN - SCOPUS:85074676263
VL - 21
SP - 24026
EP - 24033
JO - Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
JF - Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
SN - 1463-9076
IS - 43
ER -