TY - JOUR
T1 - Ozone deposition to the sea surface
T2 - Chemical enhancement and wind speed dependence
AU - Chang, Wonil
AU - Heikes, Brian G.
AU - Lee, Meehye
N1 - Funding Information:
Authors’ thanks to all PEM-Tropics (B) participants for their hardwork. A special thanks is given to Korea Science and Engineering Foundation for the support through a Grant (R04-2000-000-00018-0).
PY - 2004/3
Y1 - 2004/3
N2 - Deposition of ozone to the sea surface is controlled by complex physical and chemical processes. There is a large variability in the observed deposition velocity of ozone vd needed to be better characterized. In addition, the existing formulations for estimating (vd) cannot explain a significant ozone loss, particularly, at low wind speed. By amalgamating previous works, a more general formula was developed to account for v d dependence on wind speed and chemical enhancement. The result shows that vd can be elevated from 0.016 to 0.078 cm s-1 by about a factor of 5 as wind speed increases from 0 to 20 m s-1, indicating the importance of wind-induced turbulent gas-transfer. To estimate molecular gas-transfer, represented by the surface reactivity of ozone, reaction rates of species known to react with ozone in seawater were investigated. Iodide was found to be capable of describing the substantial chemical destruction of ozone at low wind speed. Due to a wide range of distribution in the surface oceans (20-400 nM), iodide appears to be a candidate elucidating the variability of vd. This study suggests that the physical and chemical processes are coupled and both play significant roles in determining ozone deposition to the sea surface.
AB - Deposition of ozone to the sea surface is controlled by complex physical and chemical processes. There is a large variability in the observed deposition velocity of ozone vd needed to be better characterized. In addition, the existing formulations for estimating (vd) cannot explain a significant ozone loss, particularly, at low wind speed. By amalgamating previous works, a more general formula was developed to account for v d dependence on wind speed and chemical enhancement. The result shows that vd can be elevated from 0.016 to 0.078 cm s-1 by about a factor of 5 as wind speed increases from 0 to 20 m s-1, indicating the importance of wind-induced turbulent gas-transfer. To estimate molecular gas-transfer, represented by the surface reactivity of ozone, reaction rates of species known to react with ozone in seawater were investigated. Iodide was found to be capable of describing the substantial chemical destruction of ozone at low wind speed. Due to a wide range of distribution in the surface oceans (20-400 nM), iodide appears to be a candidate elucidating the variability of vd. This study suggests that the physical and chemical processes are coupled and both play significant roles in determining ozone deposition to the sea surface.
KW - Air-sea exchange
KW - Chemical enhancement
KW - Deposition dry
KW - Gas-transfer
KW - Ozone
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0345830373&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.10.050
DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.10.050
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0345830373
SN - 1352-2310
VL - 38
SP - 1053
EP - 1059
JO - Atmospheric Environment
JF - Atmospheric Environment
IS - 7
ER -