Paenibacillus crassostreae sp. nov., isolated from the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas

A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated LPB0068T, was isolated from a Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in Korea. This isolate was found to share the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp. macquariensis DSM 2^T (98.1 %) and Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp. defensor JCM 14954^T (98.0 %). To establish the genomic relatedness of this isolate to its phylogenetic neighbours, its genome sequence and those of Paenibacillus antarcticus CECT 5836^T, P. macquariensis subsp. macquariensis DSM 2^T, P. macquariensis subsp. defensor JCM 14954^T, and Paenibacillus glacialis DSM 22343^T were determined. The low average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values exhibited by LPB0068^T in relation to the other strains in this analysis revealed that it is distinct from other Paenibacillus species. The genome of strain LPB0068^T consists of one chromosome and three circular plasmids, and had a DNA G+C content of 40.0 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified glycolipid, and two unidentified polar lipids. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0, and C16 : 0. Based on genomic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic characteristics, this strain was clearly distinguished from other Paenibacillus species with validly published names and should therefore be classified as a novel species of the genus. The name Paenibacillus crassostreae sp. nov. is proposed, the type strain of which is LPB0068^T (=KACC 18694^T=JCM 31183^T).