TY - JOUR
T1 - Phototherapy suppresses inflammation in human nucleus pulposus cells for intervertebral disc degeneration
AU - Hwang, Min Ho
AU - Son, Hyeong Guk
AU - Lee, Jae Won
AU - Yoo, Chang Min
AU - Shin, Jae Hee
AU - Nam, Hyo Geun
AU - Lim, Hyun Jung
AU - Baek, Seung Min
AU - Park, Jeong Hun
AU - Kim, Joo Han
AU - Choi, Hyuk
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding This study was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2017R1D1A1A09000962).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018, Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2018/7/1
Y1 - 2018/7/1
N2 - The etiology of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration accompanied by low back pain (LBP) is largely unknown, and there are no curative therapies. Painful IVD degeneration is associated with infiltrated macrophage-mediated inflammatory response of human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. The present study aimed to address the hypothesis that pro-inflammatory cytokines derived from macrophages lead to the altered molecular phenotype of human NP cells and to investigate the effects of phototherapy (630, 525, 465 nm with 16, 32, 64 J/cm2) on pain-related cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 and chemokine IL-8 under inflammatory conditions in human NP cells. Human NP cells were treated with soluble factors derived from macrophages in an inflammatory microenvironment, similar to that found in degenerative IVD. Human NP cells were also treated with phototherapy (630, 525, 465 nm with 16, 32, 64 J/cm2), and their cytokine and chemokine levels were detected. The soluble factors caused modulated expression of IL-6, IL-8, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) at the gene and protein levels, causing a shift toward matrix catabolism through the expression of MMPs and increased pain-related factors via preferential activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p50 protein. Importantly, phototherapy attenuated the protein and gene expression of pain-related factor IL-6 at all doses and wavelengths. Interestingly, phototherapy also modulated the protein and gene expression of IL-8, which is responsible for the anabolic response, at a wavelength of 465 nm at all doses, in human NP cells. These findings suggested that phototherapy, at an optimal dose and wavelength, might be a useful therapeutic tool to treat IVD degeneration.
AB - The etiology of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration accompanied by low back pain (LBP) is largely unknown, and there are no curative therapies. Painful IVD degeneration is associated with infiltrated macrophage-mediated inflammatory response of human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. The present study aimed to address the hypothesis that pro-inflammatory cytokines derived from macrophages lead to the altered molecular phenotype of human NP cells and to investigate the effects of phototherapy (630, 525, 465 nm with 16, 32, 64 J/cm2) on pain-related cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 and chemokine IL-8 under inflammatory conditions in human NP cells. Human NP cells were treated with soluble factors derived from macrophages in an inflammatory microenvironment, similar to that found in degenerative IVD. Human NP cells were also treated with phototherapy (630, 525, 465 nm with 16, 32, 64 J/cm2), and their cytokine and chemokine levels were detected. The soluble factors caused modulated expression of IL-6, IL-8, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) at the gene and protein levels, causing a shift toward matrix catabolism through the expression of MMPs and increased pain-related factors via preferential activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p50 protein. Importantly, phototherapy attenuated the protein and gene expression of pain-related factor IL-6 at all doses and wavelengths. Interestingly, phototherapy also modulated the protein and gene expression of IL-8, which is responsible for the anabolic response, at a wavelength of 465 nm at all doses, in human NP cells. These findings suggested that phototherapy, at an optimal dose and wavelength, might be a useful therapeutic tool to treat IVD degeneration.
KW - Inflammation
KW - Intervertebral disc degeneration
KW - Macrophage
KW - Nucleus pulposus cell
KW - Phototherapy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85045041123&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10103-018-2470-4
DO - 10.1007/s10103-018-2470-4
M3 - Article
C2 - 29502159
AN - SCOPUS:85045041123
SN - 0268-8921
VL - 33
SP - 1055
EP - 1064
JO - Lasers in Medical Science
JF - Lasers in Medical Science
IS - 5
ER -