Propylene carbonate and γ-valerolactone as green solvents enhance Sn(IV)-catalysed hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) production from bread waste

Engineering & Materials Science

• Propylene 100%
• Carbonates 97%
• Acetone 54%
• Starch 35%
• Hydrolysis 34%
• Glucose 32%
• Catalysts 24%
• Fructose 23%
• Water 23%
• Dipole moment 22%
• Isomerization 20%
• Microwave heating 19%
• X ray diffraction analysis 18%
• Dehydration 17%
• Pressure vessels 15%
• Permittivity 14%
• Acids 13%
• Biomass 13%
• Liquids 9%

Chemical Compounds

• Propene 70%
• Carbonate 67%
• Acetone 50%
• Starch 40%
• Glucose 31%
• Solvent 30%
• Microwave Heating 24%
• Fructose 22%
• Dipole Moment 19%
• Dielectric Constant 19%
• Lewis Acid 19%
• Dehydration 18%
• Catalyst 17%
• Isomerization 17%
• Green 14%
• Pressure 12%
• Liquid 11%
• X-Ray Diffraction 10%
• Energy 10%
• Reaction Yield 8%
• Application 6%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• carbonate 57%
• acetone 46%
• starch 30%
• glucose 26%
• hydrolysis 26%
• catalyst 25%
• dehydration 14%
• water 13%
• microwave 12%
• vessel 11%
• X-ray diffraction 11%
• heating 10%
• acid 9%
• kinetics 8%
• biomass 8%
• liquid 8%
• loss 7%
• particle 7%
• energy 7%
• comparison 6%