TY - JOUR
T1 - Prospective study on cytokine levels in medication-naïve adolescents with first-episode major depressive disorder
AU - Lee, Hojun
AU - Song, Minjae
AU - Lee, Jongha
AU - Kim, Jung Bum
AU - Lee, Moon Soo
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (Grant numbers NRF-2014R1A1A2054904 and NRF-2017R1D1A1B03028672 ).
Funding Information:
This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (Grant numbers NRF-2014R1A1A2054904 and NRF-2017R1D1A1B03028672).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/4/1
Y1 - 2020/4/1
N2 - Background: Evidence suggests that depression is correlated with immune-inflammatory responses, and efforts have been made to identify the relationships between depression and inflammatory markers. This study investigated the level of cytokines before and after treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) in medication-naïve adolescents with first-episode MDD and compared them with the levels in healthy adolescents. The relationship between cytokine levels and the severity of depressive symptoms was also examined. Methods: Twenty-five adolescents with MDD and 25 healthy controls aged 13 to 18 years were included in the study. Blood samples were obtained, and depression severity was assessed twice in the MDD group before and after treatment and once in the healthy group. Results: When compared with healthy controls, adolescents with MDD had lower levels of interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-10 before treatment and higher levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-10 after treatment. In addition, the IFN-γ levels correlated with depressive severity scores in both the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). The IL-10 level correlated with depressive severity only on the HDRS. Limitations: The sample size was small, and the 12-week follow-up time after treatment was relatively short. Conclusion: IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels in medication-naïve adolescents with first-episode MDD differed from those in healthy controls. The levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-10 were altered after antidepressant treatment. Further, the IFN-γ and IL-10 levels correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms.
AB - Background: Evidence suggests that depression is correlated with immune-inflammatory responses, and efforts have been made to identify the relationships between depression and inflammatory markers. This study investigated the level of cytokines before and after treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) in medication-naïve adolescents with first-episode MDD and compared them with the levels in healthy adolescents. The relationship between cytokine levels and the severity of depressive symptoms was also examined. Methods: Twenty-five adolescents with MDD and 25 healthy controls aged 13 to 18 years were included in the study. Blood samples were obtained, and depression severity was assessed twice in the MDD group before and after treatment and once in the healthy group. Results: When compared with healthy controls, adolescents with MDD had lower levels of interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-10 before treatment and higher levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-10 after treatment. In addition, the IFN-γ levels correlated with depressive severity scores in both the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). The IL-10 level correlated with depressive severity only on the HDRS. Limitations: The sample size was small, and the 12-week follow-up time after treatment was relatively short. Conclusion: IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels in medication-naïve adolescents with first-episode MDD differed from those in healthy controls. The levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-10 were altered after antidepressant treatment. Further, the IFN-γ and IL-10 levels correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms.
KW - Adolescent
KW - Cytokine
KW - Depression
KW - First-episode
KW - Inflammation
KW - Medication-naïve
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.125
DO - 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.125
M3 - Article
C2 - 32056928
AN - SCOPUS:85078453991
VL - 266
SP - 57
EP - 62
JO - Journal of Affective Disorders
JF - Journal of Affective Disorders
SN - 0165-0327
ER -