Relationships among Tic Symptoms, Expressed Emotions, and Quality of Life in Tic Disorder Patients

Objectives: Tic disorder is a chronic disease seen in children and adolescents that considerably affects quality of life. Of the many factors affecting quality of life in tic disorder patients, their families’ emotional relatedness and responses are important determinants; we used “expressed emotions” to identify this. Methods: A total of 56 patients aged 8–23 were enrolled. We used the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) to assess tic symptoms, as well as the Family Questionnaire and the KIDSCREEN-52 to respectively evaluate expressed emotions in pediatric tic patients’ families and quality of life in tic patients. Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for children (STAIC) were used for assessing severities of depression and anxiety. We then analyzed the correlations between these elements. Results: Levels of depression and anxiety, and severity of tic symptoms negatively affected quality of life in patients with tic disorder (CDI: r = −0.806, SAIC: r = −0.783, TAIC: r = −0.705). Expressed emotions also showed negative correlations with quality of life (r = −0.333). Considering each subscale of KIDSCREEN-52, we found that expressed emotions had negative correlations with subscale of moods and emotions (r = −0.426), autonomy (r = −0.288), social support and peers (r = −0.301), and school environment (r = −0.274). Conclusions: Quality of life in children and adolescents with tic disorder could be improved further by focusing on and treating emotional distress and difficulties within their families.