TY - JOUR
T1 - Riboflavin-mediated RDX transformation in the presence of Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 and lepidocrocite
AU - Bae, Sungjun
AU - Lee, Yoonhwa
AU - Kwon, Man Jae
AU - Lee, Woojin
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was partially supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education ( 2012-C1AAA001-M1A2A2026588 ) and the GAIA project funded by the Korean Ministry of Environment .
PY - 2014/6/15
Y1 - 2014/6/15
N2 - The potential of riboflavin for the reductive degradation of a cyclic nitramine, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), was investigated in the presence of lepidocrocite and/or Shewanella putrefaciens CN32. RDX reduction by CN32 alone or CN32 with lepidocrocite was insignificant, while 110. μM RDX was completely reduced by CN32 with riboflavin in 78. h. The transformation products identified included nitroso metabolites, formaldehyde, and ammonium, indicating the ring cleavage of RDX. UV and visible light analysis revealed that riboflavin was microbially reduced by CN32, and that the reduced riboflavin was linked to the complete degradation of RDX. In the presence of both CN32 and lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH), 100. μM-riboflavin increased the rate and extent of Fe(II) production as well as RDX reduction. An abiotic study also showed that Fe(II)-riboflavin complex, and Fe(II) adsorbed on lepidocrocite, reduced RDX by 48% and 21%, respectively. The findings in this study suggest that riboflavin-mediated RDX degradation pathways in subsurface environments are diverse and complex. However, riboflavin, either from bacteria or exogenous sources, can significantly increase RDX degradation. This will provide a sustainable clean-up option for explosive-contaminated subsurface environments.
AB - The potential of riboflavin for the reductive degradation of a cyclic nitramine, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), was investigated in the presence of lepidocrocite and/or Shewanella putrefaciens CN32. RDX reduction by CN32 alone or CN32 with lepidocrocite was insignificant, while 110. μM RDX was completely reduced by CN32 with riboflavin in 78. h. The transformation products identified included nitroso metabolites, formaldehyde, and ammonium, indicating the ring cleavage of RDX. UV and visible light analysis revealed that riboflavin was microbially reduced by CN32, and that the reduced riboflavin was linked to the complete degradation of RDX. In the presence of both CN32 and lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH), 100. μM-riboflavin increased the rate and extent of Fe(II) production as well as RDX reduction. An abiotic study also showed that Fe(II)-riboflavin complex, and Fe(II) adsorbed on lepidocrocite, reduced RDX by 48% and 21%, respectively. The findings in this study suggest that riboflavin-mediated RDX degradation pathways in subsurface environments are diverse and complex. However, riboflavin, either from bacteria or exogenous sources, can significantly increase RDX degradation. This will provide a sustainable clean-up option for explosive-contaminated subsurface environments.
KW - Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)
KW - Lepidocrocite
KW - Riboflavin
KW - Shewanella putrefaciens CN32
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84899080064&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.002
DO - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.002
M3 - Article
C2 - 24762697
AN - SCOPUS:84899080064
VL - 274
SP - 24
EP - 31
JO - Journal of Hazardous Materials
JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials
SN - 0304-3894
ER -