TY - GEN
T1 - SoftMark
T2 - 37th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, ACSAC 2021
AU - Kang, Honggoo
AU - Kwon, Yonghwi
AU - Lee, Sangjin
AU - Koo, Hyungjoon
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the anonymous referees and our shepherd Sang Kil Cha for their constructive feedback. This work was supported by Institute for Information & communication Technology Promotion (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2019-0-01343, Regional strategic industry convergence security core talent training business), NSF under awards 1916499, 1908021, and 1850392. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsor.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Association for Computing Machinery.
PY - 2021/12/6
Y1 - 2021/12/6
N2 - The ease of reproducibility of digital artifacts raises a growing concern in copyright infringement; in particular, for a software product. Software watermarking is one of the promising techniques to verify the owner of licensed software by embedding a digital fingerprint. Developing an ideal software watermark scheme is challenging because i) unlike digital media watermarking, software watermarking must preserve the original code semantics after inserting software watermark, and ii) it requires well-balanced properties of credibility, resiliency, capacity, imperceptibility, and efficiency. We present SoftMark, a software watermarking system that leverages a function relocation where the order of functions implicitly encodes a hidden identifier. By design, SoftMark does not introduce additional structures (i.e., codes, blocks, or subroutines), being robust in unauthorized detection, while maintaining a negligible performance overhead and reasonable capacity. With various strategies against viable attacks (i.e., static binary re-instrumentation), we tackle the limitations of previous reordering-based approaches. Our empirical results demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness by successful embedding and extraction of various watermark values.
AB - The ease of reproducibility of digital artifacts raises a growing concern in copyright infringement; in particular, for a software product. Software watermarking is one of the promising techniques to verify the owner of licensed software by embedding a digital fingerprint. Developing an ideal software watermark scheme is challenging because i) unlike digital media watermarking, software watermarking must preserve the original code semantics after inserting software watermark, and ii) it requires well-balanced properties of credibility, resiliency, capacity, imperceptibility, and efficiency. We present SoftMark, a software watermarking system that leverages a function relocation where the order of functions implicitly encodes a hidden identifier. By design, SoftMark does not introduce additional structures (i.e., codes, blocks, or subroutines), being robust in unauthorized detection, while maintaining a negligible performance overhead and reasonable capacity. With various strategies against viable attacks (i.e., static binary re-instrumentation), we tackle the limitations of previous reordering-based approaches. Our empirical results demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness by successful embedding and extraction of various watermark values.
KW - Binary instrumentation
KW - Function relocation
KW - Function reordering
KW - Software watermarking
KW - Watermark
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85121618749&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1145/3485832.3488027
DO - 10.1145/3485832.3488027
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85121618749
T3 - ACM International Conference Proceeding Series
SP - 169
EP - 181
BT - Proceedings - 37th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, ACSAC 2021
PB - Association for Computing Machinery
Y2 - 6 December 2021 through 10 December 2021
ER -