Solvent-dependent self-assembly of two dimensional layered perovskite (C6H5CH2CH2NH3)2MCl4 (M = Cu, Mn) thin films in ambient humidity

Garam Park; In Hwan Oh; J. M.Sungil Park; Jinyong Jung; Chun Yeol You; June Seo Kim; Yonghwan Kim; Jong Hoon Jung; Namjung Hur; Younghak Kim; J. Y. Kim; Chang Seop Hong; Ki Yeon Kim

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23012-2

Solvent-dependent self-assembly of two dimensional layered perovskite (C₆H₅CH₂CH₂NH₃)₂MCl₄ (M = Cu, Mn) thin films in ambient humidity

Garam Park, In Hwan Oh, J. M.Sungil Park, Jinyong Jung, Chun Yeol You, June Seo Kim, Yonghwan Kim, Jong Hoon Jung, Namjung Hur, Younghak Kim, J. Y. Kim, Chang Seop Hong, Ki Yeon Kim

Department of Chemistry

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Two dimensional layered organic-inorganic halide perovskites offer a wide variety of novel functionality such as solar cell and optoelectronics and magnetism. Self-assembly of these materials using solution process (ex. spin coating) makes crystalline thin films synthesized at ambient environment. However, flexibility of organic layer also poses a structure stability issue in perovskite thin films against environment factors (ex. moisture). In this study, we investigate the effect of solvents and moisture on structure and property in the (C₆H₅(CH₂)₂NH₃)₂(Cu, Mn)Cl₄ (Cu-PEA, Mn-PEA) perovskite thin films spin-coated on Si wafer using three solvents (H₂O, MeOH, MeOH + H₂O). A combination of x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) show that relative humidity (RH) has a profound effect on perovskite thin films during sample synthesis and storage, depending on the kind of solvent used. The ones prepared using water (Cu-PEA:H₂O, Mn-PEA:H₂O) show quite different behavior from the other cases. According to time-dependent XRD, reversible crystalline-amorphous transition takes place depending on RH in the former cases, whereas the latter cases relatively remain stable. It also turns out from XAS that Mn-PEA thin films prepared with solvents such as MeOH and MeOH + H₂O are disordered to the depth of about 4 nm from surface.

Original language	English
Article number	4661
Journal	Scientific reports
Volume	8
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23012-2
Publication status	Published - 2018 Dec 1

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@article{dea2c9efd43d4469bd655468ce9ac26d,

title = "Solvent-dependent self-assembly of two dimensional layered perovskite (C6H5CH2CH2NH3)2MCl4 (M = Cu, Mn) thin films in ambient humidity",

abstract = "Two dimensional layered organic-inorganic halide perovskites offer a wide variety of novel functionality such as solar cell and optoelectronics and magnetism. Self-assembly of these materials using solution process (ex. spin coating) makes crystalline thin films synthesized at ambient environment. However, flexibility of organic layer also poses a structure stability issue in perovskite thin films against environment factors (ex. moisture). In this study, we investigate the effect of solvents and moisture on structure and property in the (C6H5(CH2)2NH3)2(Cu, Mn)Cl4 (Cu-PEA, Mn-PEA) perovskite thin films spin-coated on Si wafer using three solvents (H2O, MeOH, MeOH + H2O). A combination of x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) show that relative humidity (RH) has a profound effect on perovskite thin films during sample synthesis and storage, depending on the kind of solvent used. The ones prepared using water (Cu-PEA:H2O, Mn-PEA:H2O) show quite different behavior from the other cases. According to time-dependent XRD, reversible crystalline-amorphous transition takes place depending on RH in the former cases, whereas the latter cases relatively remain stable. It also turns out from XAS that Mn-PEA thin films prepared with solvents such as MeOH and MeOH + H2O are disordered to the depth of about 4 nm from surface.",

author = "Garam Park and Oh, {In Hwan} and Park, {J. M.Sungil} and Jinyong Jung and You, {Chun Yeol} and Kim, {June Seo} and Yonghwan Kim and Jung, {Jong Hoon} and Namjung Hur and Younghak Kim and Kim, {J. Y.} and Hong, {Chang Seop} and Kim, {Ki Yeon}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by Nuclear R&D program (2012M2A2A6004261, 2015M2B2A6027749), Leading Foreign Research Institute Recruitment Program (2012K1A4A3053565), and DGIST R&D Program (17-BT-02) funded by the Korea government. J.-Y. Kim was supported by the Institute for Basic Science (IBS, Grant No. IBS-R014-A2). We are grateful to Dr. Hyun-Min Park and Dr. Chang-Soo Kim in Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) for allowing us to use the X-ray diffractometer. X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiment was done at 2A beamline of Pohang Light Source, Republic of Korea. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 The Author(s).",

year = "2018",

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doi = "10.1038/s41598-018-23012-2",

language = "English",

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T1 - Solvent-dependent self-assembly of two dimensional layered perovskite (C6H5CH2CH2NH3)2MCl4 (M = Cu, Mn) thin films in ambient humidity

AU - Park, Garam

AU - Oh, In Hwan

AU - Park, J. M.Sungil

AU - Jung, Jinyong

AU - You, Chun Yeol

AU - Kim, June Seo

AU - Kim, Yonghwan

AU - Jung, Jong Hoon

AU - Hur, Namjung

AU - Kim, Younghak

AU - Kim, J. Y.

AU - Hong, Chang Seop

AU - Kim, Ki Yeon

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by Nuclear R&D program (2012M2A2A6004261, 2015M2B2A6027749), Leading Foreign Research Institute Recruitment Program (2012K1A4A3053565), and DGIST R&D Program (17-BT-02) funded by the Korea government. J.-Y. Kim was supported by the Institute for Basic Science (IBS, Grant No. IBS-R014-A2). We are grateful to Dr. Hyun-Min Park and Dr. Chang-Soo Kim in Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) for allowing us to use the X-ray diffractometer. X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiment was done at 2A beamline of Pohang Light Source, Republic of Korea. Publisher Copyright: © 2018 The Author(s).

PY - 2018/12/1

Y1 - 2018/12/1

N2 - Two dimensional layered organic-inorganic halide perovskites offer a wide variety of novel functionality such as solar cell and optoelectronics and magnetism. Self-assembly of these materials using solution process (ex. spin coating) makes crystalline thin films synthesized at ambient environment. However, flexibility of organic layer also poses a structure stability issue in perovskite thin films against environment factors (ex. moisture). In this study, we investigate the effect of solvents and moisture on structure and property in the (C6H5(CH2)2NH3)2(Cu, Mn)Cl4 (Cu-PEA, Mn-PEA) perovskite thin films spin-coated on Si wafer using three solvents (H2O, MeOH, MeOH + H2O). A combination of x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) show that relative humidity (RH) has a profound effect on perovskite thin films during sample synthesis and storage, depending on the kind of solvent used. The ones prepared using water (Cu-PEA:H2O, Mn-PEA:H2O) show quite different behavior from the other cases. According to time-dependent XRD, reversible crystalline-amorphous transition takes place depending on RH in the former cases, whereas the latter cases relatively remain stable. It also turns out from XAS that Mn-PEA thin films prepared with solvents such as MeOH and MeOH + H2O are disordered to the depth of about 4 nm from surface.

AB - Two dimensional layered organic-inorganic halide perovskites offer a wide variety of novel functionality such as solar cell and optoelectronics and magnetism. Self-assembly of these materials using solution process (ex. spin coating) makes crystalline thin films synthesized at ambient environment. However, flexibility of organic layer also poses a structure stability issue in perovskite thin films against environment factors (ex. moisture). In this study, we investigate the effect of solvents and moisture on structure and property in the (C6H5(CH2)2NH3)2(Cu, Mn)Cl4 (Cu-PEA, Mn-PEA) perovskite thin films spin-coated on Si wafer using three solvents (H2O, MeOH, MeOH + H2O). A combination of x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) show that relative humidity (RH) has a profound effect on perovskite thin films during sample synthesis and storage, depending on the kind of solvent used. The ones prepared using water (Cu-PEA:H2O, Mn-PEA:H2O) show quite different behavior from the other cases. According to time-dependent XRD, reversible crystalline-amorphous transition takes place depending on RH in the former cases, whereas the latter cases relatively remain stable. It also turns out from XAS that Mn-PEA thin films prepared with solvents such as MeOH and MeOH + H2O are disordered to the depth of about 4 nm from surface.

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Solvent-dependent self-assembly of two dimensional layered perovskite (C₆H₅CH₂CH₂NH₃)₂MCl₄ (M = Cu, Mn) thin films in ambient humidity

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