The intersection of two ringed surfaces and some related problems

We present an efficient and robust algorithm to compute the intersection curve of two ringed surfaces, each being the sweep ∪_uC^u generated by a moving circle. Given two ringed surfaces ∪_uC₁^u and ∪_vC₂^v, we formulate the condition C₁^u∩C₂^v Ø ≠(i.e., that the intersection of the two circles C₁^u and C₂^v is nonempty) as a bivariate equation λ(u, v) = 0 of relatively low degree. Except for redundant solutions and degenerate cases, there is a rational map from each solution of λ(u, v) = 0 to the intersection point C₁^u ∩ C₂^v. Thus it is trivial to construct the.intersection curve once we have computed the zero-set of λ(u, v)= 0. We also analyze exceptional cases and consider how to construct the corresponding intersection curves. A similar approach produces an efficient algorithm for the intersection of a ringed surface and a ruled surface, which can play an important role in accelerating the ray-tracing of ringed surfaces. Surfaces of linear extrusion and surfaces of revolution reduce their respective intersection algorithms to simpler forms than those for ringed surfaces and ruled surfaces. In particular, the bivariate equation λ(u, v) = 0 is reduced to a decomposable form, f(u) = g(v) or ∥f(u) - g(v)∥ = |r(u)|, which can be solved more efficiently than the general case.