TY - JOUR
T1 - Therapeutic outcomes and prognostic factors in childhood absence epilepsy
AU - Kim, Hye Ryun
AU - Kim, Gun Ha
AU - Eun, So Hee
AU - Eun, Baik Lin
AU - Byeon, Jung Hye
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Korean Neurological Association.
Copyright:
Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2016/4
Y1 - 2016/4
N2 - Background and Purpose Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is one of the most common types of pediatric epilepsy. It is generally treated with ethosuximide (ESM), valproic acid (VPA), or lamotrigine (LTG), but the efficacy and adverse effects of these drugs remain controversial. This study compared initial therapy treatment outcomes, including VPA-LTG combination, and assessed clinical factors that may predict treatment response and prognosis. Methods Sixty-seven patients with typical CAE were retrospectively enrolled at the Korea University Medical Center. We reviewed patients’ clinical characteristics, including age of seizure onset, seizure-free interval, duration of seizure-free period, freedom from treatment failure, breakthrough seizures frequency, and electroencephalogram (EEG) findings. Results The age at seizure onset was 7.9±2.7 years (mean±SD), and follow-up duration was 4.4±3.7 years. Initially, 22 children were treated with ESM (32.8%), 23 with VPA (34.3%), 14 with LTG (20.9%), and 8 with VPA-LTG combination (11.9%). After 48 months of therapy, the rate of freedom from treatment failure was significantly higher for the VPA-LTG combination therapy than in the three monotherapy groups (p=0.012). The treatment dose administrated in the VPA-LTG combination group was less than that in the VPA and LTG monotherapy groups. The shorter interval to loss of 3-Hz spike-and-wave complexes and the presence of occipital intermittent rhythmic delta activity on EEG were significant factors predicting good treatment response. Conclusions This study showed that low-dose VPA-LTG combination therapy has a good efficacy and fewer side effects than other treatments, and it should thus be considered as a firstline therapy in absence epilepsy.
AB - Background and Purpose Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is one of the most common types of pediatric epilepsy. It is generally treated with ethosuximide (ESM), valproic acid (VPA), or lamotrigine (LTG), but the efficacy and adverse effects of these drugs remain controversial. This study compared initial therapy treatment outcomes, including VPA-LTG combination, and assessed clinical factors that may predict treatment response and prognosis. Methods Sixty-seven patients with typical CAE were retrospectively enrolled at the Korea University Medical Center. We reviewed patients’ clinical characteristics, including age of seizure onset, seizure-free interval, duration of seizure-free period, freedom from treatment failure, breakthrough seizures frequency, and electroencephalogram (EEG) findings. Results The age at seizure onset was 7.9±2.7 years (mean±SD), and follow-up duration was 4.4±3.7 years. Initially, 22 children were treated with ESM (32.8%), 23 with VPA (34.3%), 14 with LTG (20.9%), and 8 with VPA-LTG combination (11.9%). After 48 months of therapy, the rate of freedom from treatment failure was significantly higher for the VPA-LTG combination therapy than in the three monotherapy groups (p=0.012). The treatment dose administrated in the VPA-LTG combination group was less than that in the VPA and LTG monotherapy groups. The shorter interval to loss of 3-Hz spike-and-wave complexes and the presence of occipital intermittent rhythmic delta activity on EEG were significant factors predicting good treatment response. Conclusions This study showed that low-dose VPA-LTG combination therapy has a good efficacy and fewer side effects than other treatments, and it should thus be considered as a firstline therapy in absence epilepsy.
KW - Absence seizures
KW - Epilepsy
KW - Lamotrigine
KW - Prognostic factors
KW - Valproic acid
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U2 - 10.3988/jcn.2016.12.2.160
DO - 10.3988/jcn.2016.12.2.160
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:84963625940
VL - 12
SP - 160
EP - 165
JO - Journal of Clinical Neurology (Korea)
JF - Journal of Clinical Neurology (Korea)
SN - 1738-6586
IS - 2
ER -